Abstract: A system 10 for determining high accuracy gradient information includes linearization means 20, a sum unit 45, and state space model and observer means 50 for calculating a road gradient ?Road. The linearization means 20 includes an air resistance calculation unit 30 and a rolling resistance calculation unit 40. The means 50 includes a state space model 60 and a state space observer 70. The sum unit 45 determines a total sum wheel force ?FLij of wheel forces FLij. The linearization means 20 calculates an air resistance force FW and a rolling resistance force FR based on a vehicle velocity vCoG using approximation equations, calculates a linearized total sum force FSum by subtracting the air resistance force FW and the rolling resistance force FR from the wheel forces FLij, and inputs the linealized total sum force FSum to the state space model and observer means 50.

Abstract: To provide a vehicle accident analyzing apparatus in which reconstruction quality of low speed crashes is improved. An impact parameter determination apparatus 10 is provided with a triggering unit 20 which uses input signals from in-vehicle sensors, and an area determination unit 30, and a parameter calculation unit 50. The triggering unit 20 generates a trigger signal 21 based on the input signals for triggering the area determination unit 30 and the parameter calculation unit 50. The area determination unit 30 uses the input signals to calculate the most probable impact area 31. The parameter calculation unit 50 calculates the final desired crash parameters based on the input signals and the most probable impact area 31.

Abstract: A system 10 for determining high accuracy gradient information includes linearization means 20, a sum unit 45, and state space model and observer means 50 for calculating a road gradient ?Road. The linearization means 20 includes an air resistance calculation unit 30 and a rolling resistance calculation unit 40. The means 50 includes a state space model 60 and a state space observer 70. The sum unit 45 determines a total sum wheel force ?FLij of wheel forces FLij. The linearization means 20 calculates an air resistance force FW and a rolling resistance force FR based on a vehicle velocity vCoG using approximation equations, calculates a linearized total sum force FSum by subtracting the air resistance force FW and the rolling resistance force FR from the wheel forces FLij, and inputs the linealized total sum force FSum to the state space model and observer means 50.

Abstract: To provide a vehicle accident analyzing apparatus in which reconstruction quality of low speed crashes is improved. An impact parameter determination apparatus 10 is provided with a triggering unit 20 which uses input signals from in-vehicle sensors, and an area determination unit 30, and a parameter calculation unit 50. The triggering unit 20 generates a trigger signal 21 based on the input signals for triggering the area determination unit 30 and the parameter calculation unit 50. The area determination unit 30 uses the input signals to calculate the most probable impact area 31. The parameter calculation unit 50 calculates the final desired crash parameters based on the input signals and the most probable impact area 31.