Abstract: The present invention concerns an apparatus for combining light from at least two laser light sources, preferably in the context of confocal scanning microscopy, and in order to make laser light sources of low output power usable as light sources, in particular for confocal scanning microscopy, is characterized in that the light from the laser light sources has at least approximately the same wavelength; and that at least one beam combining unit that combines the light beams in at least largely lossless fashion is provided.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method and an apparatus for illuminating a transparent specimen (1), in particular for use in double confocal scanning microscopy, wherein for illumination of a point of the specimen (1), two light waves of a coherent light source (4) focused from opposite directions (2, 3) onto the point interfere to form an illumination pattern, and in order to eliminate the causes of the problems of the reconstruction method is characterized in that at least two additional coherent light waves traveling toward one another are superimposed in order to minimize the secondary maxima (11, 12) of the illumination pattern.

Abstract: An optical apparatus, especially a scanning microscope (1), wherein an expanded laser beam (2) is divided into several partial beams (4) by micro lenses (5) arranged next to one another. Each partial beam (4) is focused onto a focal point (11) by a common objective lens (7) to optically excite a sample (8). Fluorescent light emanating from the individual focal points (11) of the sample (8) is registered by a photo sensor (13) arranged behind the objective lens (7) as seen from the sample (8). Each photon of the fluorescent light coming from the sample (8) and being registered by the photo sensor (13) is excited by at least two photons of the laser beam (2).