Abstract: A hybrid transmission for a vehicle includes a transmission input shaft extending in a transverse direction, at least one countershaft arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft, a clutch device arranged coaxially with respect to the transmission input shaft and which has at least one clutch, and a differential having a differential input gear. A rotational axis of the differential input gear is arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft. The transmission also includes an electric machine having a rotor with a rotor rotational axis arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft and a transmission control device. As viewed in a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the transverse direction, the differential input gear, the transmission input shaft, and a transmission controller including the transmission control device are arranged in succession in the sequence specified.

Abstract: A hybrid transmission for a vehicle includes a transmission input shaft extending in a transverse direction, at least one countershaft arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft, a clutch device arranged coaxially with respect to the transmission input shaft and which has at least one clutch, and a differential having a differential input gear. A rotational axis of the differential input gear is arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft. The transmission also includes an electric machine having a rotor with a rotor rotational axis arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft and a transmission control device. As viewed in a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the transverse direction, the differential input gear, the transmission input shaft, and a transmission controller including the transmission control device are arranged in succession in the sequence specified.

Abstract: A hybrid transmission for a vehicle includes a transmission input shaft extending in a transverse direction, at least one countershaft arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft, a clutch device arranged coaxially with respect to the transmission input shaft and which has at least one clutch, and a differential having a differential input gear. A rotational axis of the differential input gear is arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft. The transmission also includes an electric machine having a rotor with a rotor rotational axis arranged parallel to the transmission input shaft and a transmission control device. As viewed in a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the transverse direction, the differential input gear, the transmission input shaft, and a transmission controller including the transmission control device are arranged in succession in the sequence specified.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an efficient process for the manufacture of (E)-4-N,N-dialkylamino crotonic acid in HX salt form of formula I wherein R1 and R2 independently denote C1-3-alkyl groups and X? denotes an acid anion, such as the chloride, bromide, tosylate, mesylate or trifluoroacetate anion, with high quality, and a process for synthesis of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors with heterocyclic quinazoline, quinoline or pyrimidopyrimidine core structure, using the acid addition salt I and activated derivatives thereof as intermediates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for preparing tiotropium salts of general formula 1 wherein X? may have the meanings given in the claims and in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an efficient process for the manufacture of (E)-4-N,N-dialkylamino crotonic acid in HX salt form of formula I wherein R1 and R2 independently denote C1-3-alkyl groups and X? denotes an acid anion, such as the chloride, bromide, tosylate, mesylate or trifluoroacetate anion, with high quality, and a process for synthesis of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors with heterocyclic quinazoline, quinoline or pyrimidopyrimidine core structure, using the acid addition salt I and activated derivatives thereof as intermediates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for preparing tiotropium salts of general formula 1 wherein X? may have the meanings given in the claims and in the specification.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing 1,3-dioxolane-2-ones of general formula (3) in basic reaction conditions by reesterifying the respective ester of general formula (1) in which R1 to R5 have the meanings indicated in the claims and the description. The invention further relates to a method for producing 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid esters of general formula (5) with or without isolation of the intermediate in the form of a derivative of the 1,3-dioxolane-2-one of general formula (3) in basic reaction conditions by reesterifying the respective ester of general formula (1) in which R1, R2, and R6 have the meanings indicated in the claims and the description. The method according to the invention allows the reaction to take place in very gentle basic conditions, causing fewer secondary reactions and providing a greater yield than reactions in highly polar aprotic solvents. Acid-sensitive and/or temperature-sensitive compounds can be synthesized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for producing scopine esters of the general formula (1), wherein X—, R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R3?, R4?, R6 and R6? can have the meanings indicated in the claims and in the description.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing 1,3-dioxolane-2-ones of general formula (3) in basic reaction conditions by reesterifying the respective ester of general formula (1) in which R1 to R5 have the meanings indicated in the claims and the description. The invention further relates to a method for producing 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid esters of general formula (5) with or without isolation of the intermediate in the form of a derivative of the 1,3-dioxolane-2-one of general formula (3) in basic reaction conditions by reesterifying the respective ester of general formula (1) in which R1, R2, and R6 have the meanings indicated in the claims and the description. The method according to the invention allows the reaction to take place in very gentle basic conditions, causing fewer secondary reactions and providing a greater yield than reactions in highly polar aprotic solvents. Acid-sensitive and/or temperature-sensitive compounds can be synthesized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for preparing tiotropium salts of general formula 1 wherein X? may have the meanings given in the claims and in the specification.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for producing scopine esters of the general formula (1), wherein X—, R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R3?, R4?, R6 and R6? can have the meanings indicated in the claims and in the description.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new method of preparing scopinium salts of general formula 1 wherein Y? may have the meanings given in the claims and in the specification.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing ammonium hexafluorophosphates of general formula (1) wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are defined as in the claims and in the description, said novel ammonium hexafluorophosphates and to the use thereof for producing pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for preparing tiotropium salts of general formula 1 wherein X? may have the meanings given in the claims and in the specification.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a macrocyclic compound of the formula (I): which is carried out using an intermediate of the formula (II): wherein W, R1 through R4, D, A and R12 are as defined herein. The compounds of formula (I) are potent active agents for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a macrocyclic compound of the formula (I): which is carried out using an intermediate of the formula (II): wherein W, R1 through R4, D, A and R12 are as defined herein. The compounds of formula (I) are potent active agents for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process suitable for large-scale industrial use for preparing compounds of general formula (I) wherein: R1 denotes a group selected from among methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, benzyl and —C(Me2)phenyl, each of which is optionally mono-, di- or trisubstituted by hydroxy; and, R2 denotes a group selected from among methyl, ethyl, propyl and benzyl.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of formula 1 from a compound of formula 2 the process comprising reacting in one step the compound of formula 2 with a compound of formula 3 wherein: X− is chlorine, bromine, iodine, methanesulfonate, or trifluoromethanesulfonate; R1 is hydroxy, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, CF3, or fluorine; Ar is phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, and furyl, each optionally mono- or disubstituted with one or two groups selected from C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, hydroxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or CF3; Y− is chlorine, bromine, iodine, methanesulfonate, or trifluoromethanesulfonate; and R is hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, O—N-succinimide, O—N-phthalimide, phenyloxy, nitrophenyloxy, fluorophenyloxy, pentafluorophenyloxy, vinyloxy, 2-allyloxy, —S-methyl, —S-ethyl, or —S-phenyl.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of formula 1 1