Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a calibration device, a calibration setup, and a calibration method for measuring a radio frequency (RF) signal generator. The calibration device comprises an input configured to receive an RF signal of the RF signal generator, wherein the RF signal is output for the purpose of calibration and has discrete frequency lines. The calibration device further comprises a mixer configured to mix the RF signal with a first local oscillator (LO) signal and a second LO signal. The mixing may comprise a logical AND combination of the RF and LO signals, and obtains an intermediated frequency (IF) signal. The IF signal has discrete frequency lines and has a smaller bandwidth than the RF signal.

Abstract: A converter system comprises a digital-to-analog converter that has at least one digital input and at least one analog output. The converter system comprises a sample rate module configured to generate a sample rate used for digital-to-analog conversion of digital input data received via the at least one digital input. The sample rate module is configured to modulate the sample rate. The converter system is configured to manipulate the digital input data with respect to the modulation of the sample rate. Further, a method of converting digital input data into an analog signal is described.

Abstract: An apparatus for modulating a signal is described. The apparatus comprises a first modulation unit, a second modulation unit and at least one local oscillator providing a local oscillator signal with an initial frequency. Each modulation unit has a main modulation member and an auxiliary modulation member. The local oscillator is connected with the first and second modulation units via a first local oscillator sub path and a first local oscillator path as well as a second local oscillator sub path and a second local oscillator path respectively. The local oscillator sub paths process down-converted local oscillator signals. The main modulation member of each modulation unit is connected with one of the local oscillator sub paths. The auxiliary modulation member of each modulation unit is connected with one of the local oscillator sub paths and one of the local oscillator paths. Further, a method for modulating a signal is described.

Abstract: A control system for controlling an accommodation demand detection in an ophthalmic technical system includes at least one sensor configured to detect a signal sequence from a body itself or an environmental signal sequence and to convert the detected signal sequence into measurement signals, and at least one detector configured to convert the measurement signals into a control signal that influences the accommodation demand detection. The detector includes a signal processor configured to compare the measurement signals with a reference signal bandwidth and to generate the control signal When the measurement signals are covered by a predetermined reference signal bandwidth.

Abstract: In a sensor system for determining the control signal supplied to the ciliary muscles of an eye for adjusting the focal length of the lens of an eye, a contact element of an electrically non-conductive material and provided with sensors is disposed on the cornea of the eye so that the sensors are arranged in contact with an annular area of the cornea next to the ciliary eye muscles so as to be able to sense the focal adjustment signals supplied to the ciliary muscles and the sensed adjustment signals are supplied to a signal processing unit which provides a control signal to a lens system with adjustable focal length for adjusting the focal length thereof depending on the focal adjustment signals of the ciliary eye muscles.

Abstract: In a sensor system for determining the control signal supplied to the ciliary muscles of an eye for adjusting the focal length of the lens of an eye, a contact element of an electrically non-conductive material and provided with sensors is disposed on the cornea of the eye so that the sensors are arranged in contact with an annular area of the cornea next to the ciliary eye muscles so as to be able to sense the focal adjustment signals supplied to the ciliary muscles and the sensed adjustment signals are supplied to a signal processing unit which provides a control signal to a lens system with adjustable focal length for adjusting the focal length thereof depending on the focal adjustment signals of the ciliary eye muscles.

Abstract: In an FMCW distance measurement process, a wave train of carrier frequency f.sub.0 is modulated with a time function f(t) and subdivided into a transmission signal and into a reference signal in deterministic phase relationship with the transmission signal; the transmission signal is sent on a transmission section to be measured and the reference signal is supplied to a phase difference-forming arrangement; the signal reflected in the transmission section with a delay that corresponds to propagation time .tau. is also supplied as a reception signal to the phase difference-forming arrangement that forms the time difference function .theta.(t) between the phases of reference and reception signals; the phase difference function .theta.(t) is separately evaluated in a continuous fraction .theta..sub.= that corresponds to the carrier frequency f.sub.0 and in an alternating fraction .theta..sub.- (t) that corresponds to the modulation time function f(t); and the propagation time .tau.