Abstract: Elements of a machine are moved relative to one another along several axes. A monitoring device receives groups of position values of the axes which specify the relative position of the elements to one another. The surfaces and/or volumes of the elements taking up working space are determined therefrom. The monitoring device checks whether a collision risk between the elements exists. The monitoring device models at least parts of the surfaces of the elements with two-dimensional splines defined by nodes and checkpoints. The monitoring device further determines from the checkpoints of the splines for sections envelopes which envelop respective element in the respective section, and uses the respective envelope as a surface that is taken up by the respective element in the respective section. Boundary lines of faces of the envelopes are straight connecting lines of the checkpoints.

Abstract: A method for parametrization of a simulation model includes: composing the simulation model based on placement of elementary blocks and line connectors between the elementary blocks; adding a first marker block containing a first digital identifier to a first subsystem in the simulation model; adding a second marker block containing a second digital identifier to a second subsystem in the simulation model; analyzing the simulation model; listing parameters of the simulation model in a hierarchical tree and displaying the hierarchical tree on a screen to facilitate altering the parameters of the simulation model via the hierarchical tree; and determining whether to list the first subsystem and the second subsystem in a common node of the hierarchical tree or in separate nodes of the hierarchical tree based on whether or not the first digital identifier and the second digital identifier are identical.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing hydrogen-containing chlorosilanes by reducing Si-based deposits of solid material during the operation of a pressurised reactor comprising one or more reaction spaces, wherein at least one organochlorosilane is reacted with hydrogen in at least one of these reaction spaces for at least some of the time, characterized in that at least one of the optionally two or more reaction spaces in which this reaction takes place is supplied with additional HCl for at least some of the time. The additional HCl is preferably produced by hydrodehalogenation of silicon tetrachloride with hydrogen in at least one of the optionally two or more reaction spaces of the reactor.

Abstract: Process for preparing higher hydridosilanes of the general formula H—(SiH2)n—H where n?2, in which—one or more lower hydridosilanes—hydrogen, and—one or more transition metal compounds comprising elements of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table and the lanthanides are reacted at a pressure of more than 5 bar absolute, subsequently depressurized and the higher hydridosilanes are separated off from the reaction mixture obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for converting silicon tetrachloride by means of hydrogen to form trichlorosilane in a modified hydrodechlorination reactor. The invention further relates to a the use of such a modified hydrodechlorination reactor as an integrated component of a system for producing trichlorosilane from metallurgical silicon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to superabsorbent polymer comprising acrylic acid made by the process comprising the steps of heating an aqueous glycerine solution to form glycerine; transporting the glycerine to the dehydration reactor; dehydrating the glycerine to an acrolein-comprising dehydration product; gas phase oxidating of the acrolein-comprising dehydration product to obtain an acrylic acid-comprising monomer gas; bringing into contact of the monomer gas with a quench agent to obtain an acrylic acid-comprising quench phase; working-up the quench phase to obtain an acrylic acid-comprising monomer phase; and polymerizing the acrylic acid-comprising monomer phase; wherein a plurality of gas bubbles is generated and wherein the dehydration occurs at least partially in the liquid phase. The superabsorbent polymer has certain properties for biodegradability and sustainability. Further, at least about 25% of the acrylic acid is based on glycerine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing glycidyloxy-alkylalkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) (R?)O—CnH2nSi(R?)m(OR)3-m(I) in which R and R? groups are each independently linear or branched alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and R? is an H2C(O)CH— or H2C(O)CHCH2— group, by reacting (i) a functionalized alkene of the general formula (II) (R?)O—CnH2n-1(II) in which R? is an H2C(O)CH— or H2C(O)CHCH2— group and n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 with (ii) at least one hydroalkoxy-silane of the general formula (III) HSi(R?)m(OR)3-m (III) in which R and R? groups are each independently linear or branched alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3, in the presence (iii) of at least one homogeneous catalyst, (iv) of at least one solvent and/or of a diluent and (v) of at least one promoter.

Abstract: Process for preparing higher hydridosilanes of the general formula H—(SiH2)n—H where n?2, in which—one or more lower hydridosilanes—hydrogen, and—one or more transition metal compounds comprising elements of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table and the lanthanides are reacted at a pressure of more than 5 bar absolute, subsequently depressurized and the higher hydridosilanes are separated off from the reaction mixture obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for production of acrylic acid, comprising at least the following steps: a. dehydration of glycerine to an acrolein-comprising dehydration product; b. gas phase oxidation of the dehydration product to obtain an acrylic acid-comprising monomer gas; c. bringing into contact of the monomer gas with a quench agent to obtain an acrylic acid-comprising quench phase; d. work-up of the quench phase to obtain an acrylic acid-comprising monomer phase; whereby, during the dehydration a liquid phase a1 and a gas phase a2 is present, whereby in the liquid phase a1 a plurality of gas bubbles is generated, as well as a process for production of polymers by polymerization of acrylic acid, preferably for production of water-absorbing polymers, the water-absorbing polymers obtainable by this process, a composite, a process for production of a composite, the composite obtainable by this process, and further chemical products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for production of acrylic acid, comprising the steps of a) dehydration of glycerine to an acrolein-comprising dehydration product; b) gas phase oxidation of the dehydration product to obtain an acrylic acid-comprising monomer gas; c) bringing into contact of the monomer gas with a quench agent to obtain an acrylic acid-comprising quench phase; and d) work-up of the quench phase to obtain an acrylic acid-comprising monomer phase; whereby, during the dehydration a liquid phase a1 and a gas phase a2 is present, whereby in the liquid phase a1 a plurality of gas bubbles is generated, as well as a process for production of polymers by polymerization of acrylic acid, preferably for production of water-absorbing polymers, the water-absorbing polymers obtainable by this process, a composite, a process for production of a composite, the composite obtainable by this process, and further chemical products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing glycidyloxy-alkylalkoxysilanes of the general formula (I) (R?)O—CnH2nSi(R?)m(OR)3-m (I) in which R and R? groups are each independently linear or branched alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and R? is an H2C(O)CH— or H2C(O)CHCH2— group, by reacting (i) a functionalized alkene of the general formula (II) (R?)O—CnH2n-1(II) in which R? is an H2C(O)CH— or H2C(O)CHCH2— group and n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 with (ii) at least one hydroalkoxy-silane of the general formula (III) HSi(R?)m(OR)3-m (III) in which R and R? groups are each independently linear or branched alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3, in the presence (iii) of at least one homogeneous catalyst, (iv) of at least one solvent and/or of a diluent and (v) of at least one promoter.

Abstract: Raney copper which is doped with at least one metal from the group comprising iron and/or noble metals is used as a catalyst in the dehydrogenation of alcohols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for production of acrylic acid, comprising the steps of a) dehydration of glycerine to an acrolein-comprising dehydration product; b) gas phase oxidation of the dehydration product to obtain an acrylic acid-comprising monomer gas; c) bringing into contact of the monomer gas with a quench agent to obtain an acrylic acid-comprising quench phase; and d) work-up of the quench phase to obtain an acrylic acid-comprising monomer phase; whereby, during the dehydration a liquid phase a1 and a gas phase a2 is present, whereby in the liquid phase a1 a plurality of gas bubbles is generated, as well as a process for production of polymers by polymerisation of acrylic acid, preferably for production of water-absorbing polymers, the water-absorbing polymers obtainable by this process, a composite, a process for production of a composite, the composite obtainable by this process, and further chemical products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing tert-butanol (TBA) by reacting an isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixture with water over a solid acid catalyst in a reactor cascade, wherein at least one reactor is supplied alternately with two different isobutene-containing hydrocarbon mixtures, of which one has both a higher tert-butanol content and a higher water content than the other mixture.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic epoxidation of olefins by means of hydrogen peroxide and a titanium zeolite catalyst, wherein the epoxidation reaction is carried out in a reaction system through which the reaction mixture flows continuously and the regeneration of deactivated catalyst is carried out by means of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the olefin while continuing the epoxidation reaction.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic epoxidation of olefins with hydrogen peroxide in a continuous flow reaction system, wherein the reaction mixture is passed through a fixed catalyst bed within a reactor equipped with cooling means while maintaining a temperature profile within the reactor such that the cooling medium temperature of the cooling means is at least 40° C. and the maximum temperature within the catalyst bed is 60° C. at most.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic epoxidation of olefins with hydrogen peroxide in a continuous flow reaction system, wherein the reaction mixture is passed through a fixed catalyst bed in down-flow operation mode and the reaction heat is at least partially removed during the course of the reaction.

Abstract: In carrying out the hydrogenation stage of the anthraquinone process for the preparation of hydrogen peroxide in a hydrogenation reactor on a fixed bed catalyst of a particulate catalyst, the service life of the catalyst is increased in that the working solution comprising the reaction carrier and a gas phase comprising hydrogen, are passed through the hydrogenation reactor from the bottom upwards. The empty tube speed of the working solution is 0.05 to 100 m/h, preferably 10 to 50 m/h.

Abstract: Carrier-bound ruthenium catalysts are used to produce alcohols by the catalytic hydrogenation of aldehydes and ketones. The problem of deactivation of the catalyst is solved by the use of a ruthenium catalyst on an oxide carrier of the series TiO2, SiO2, ZrO2, MgO, mixed oxides thereof and silicates thereof. In particular, Ru on TiO2 or SiO2 results in a long service life of the catalyst.

Abstract: A shaped metal fixed-bed catalyst is disclosed which contains at least one catalyst alloy formed of a catalyst metal and an extractable alloying component. The catalyst is activated in an outer layer with a thickness of 0.1 to 2.0 mm starting from the surface by complete or partial extraction of the extractable alloying component. The catalyst may also contain promoters. The catalyst is distinguished from known catalyst in that it is formed exclusively of the catalyst alloy and has a total pore volume of 0.1 to 0.6 ml/g. The catalyst is used for hydrogenation, dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis reactions.