Abstract: Disclosed is a vessel including a hull and a system providing an air lubricating layer between the bottom and water, including a cavity defined by sidewalls, a top wall and an interface plane, in which water mixes with air due the Kelvin Helmholtz effect. The sidewalls extend from a dagger-shaped nose section at the front end to the rear end of the cavity and diverge so a distance between the sidewalls increases along the length of the cavity when going in a rearward direction. The diverging cavities provide a stable air lubrication layer that covers a relatively large area of the bottom, so the number of cavities can be reduced. The alignment of the diverging cavities with the streamlines has relatively large tolerances so construction is simplified and can be carried out in a cost-effective manner. The diverging sidewalls lead to reduced formation of vortices and reduced drag.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vessel including a hull and a system providing an air lubricating layer between the bottom and water, including a cavity defined by sidewalls, a top wall and an interface plane, in which water mixes with air due the Kelvin Helmholtz effect. The sidewalls extend from a dagger-shaped nose section at the front end to the rear end of the cavity and diverge so a distance between the sidewalls increases along the length of the cavity when going in a rearward direction. The diverging cavities provide a stable air lubrication layer that covers a relatively large area of the bottom, so the number of cavities can be reduced. The alignment of the diverging cavities with the streamlines has relatively large tolerances so construction is simplified and can be carried out in a cost-effective manner. The diverging sidewalls lead to reduced formation of vortices and reduced drag.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for providing an air lubricating layer between the hull of a vessel and the water flowing under the hull as the vessel is moving through the water, including an air cavity and a wave deflector having a planar bottom surface which faces the interface plane and extends parallel thereto and is arranged in an air cavity of the air lubrication system at a distance of 2-15 cm from the interface plane, wherein the bottom surface has a peripheral edge that is spaced apart from the sidewalls by a gap having a width of 0.5-15 cm, wherein, when viewed in projection onto a plane wherein the planar bottom surface extends, at least 85% of the area of the opening is covered by the wave deflector and/or the planar bottom surface thereof, more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for providing an air lubricating layer between the hull of a vessel and the water flowing under the hull as said vessel is moving through the water, comprising an air cavity and a wave deflector having a planar bottom surface which faces said interface plane and extends parallel thereto and is arranged in an air cavity of said air lubrication system at a distance of 2-15 cm from the interface plane, wherein said bottom surface has a peripheral edge that is spaced apart from said sidewalls by a gap having a width of 0.5-15 cm, wherein, when viewed in projection onto a plane wherein said planar bottom surface extends, at least 85% of the area of said opening is covered by said wave deflector and/or said planar bottom surface thereof, more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95%.

Abstract: A hydraulic steering system (1) with a supply connection arrangement, having a high-pressure connection (P) and a low-pressure connection (T), and with a working connection arrangement (L, R), a directional valve (2) and a metering pump unit (3, 4) being arranged between the supply connection arrangement and the working connection arrangement, the metering pump arrangement having at least two hydraulically parallel-connected and mechanically parallel-operated metering pumps (3, 4) with a shut-off valve (6) in a hydraulic connection between the two metering pumps (3, 4), said shut-off valve (6) having a return spring (16) and a first control inlet (15) that is connected with the high-pressure connection (P).

Abstract: A hydraulic steering system (1) for a vehicle with two steering motor arrangements, particularly an articulated vehicle with wheel steering, with a hydraulic steering unit (2) having a measuring motor section (22, 23), with a selection valve (6), which connects an outlet (L, R) of the steering unit (2) with either a first steering motor arrangement (7) that preferably acts upon steered wheels, or a second steering motor arrangement (9) that preferably acts upon a converting kit, and which is hydraulically operable via a pilot valve (14), and with a pump (4), which is connected with the steering unit (2) and the pilot valve (14). This permits the vehicle to be steerable in connection with an emergency.

Abstract: A steering system (1) for a vehicle with a first steering arrangement (6), with a first sensor (7), with a second steering arrangement (8), which includes an articulated steering, which has a second sensor (9), and with a steering unit (5). To improve the steering comfort, the steering unit (5) is fixedly connected with the first steering arrangement (6) and the second steering arrangement (8) is connected with a follow-up arrangement, which comprises the first sensor (7), a control device (10) and a valve arrangement (11).