Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and systems for obtaining a plantlet from a plurality of somatic plant embryos, and to the use of a compressible and resilient solid substrate comprising a plurality of hydrophilic and biodegradable polymer fibres, as a germination substrate in a method for germination of a somatic plant embryo.

Abstract: The invention relates to a brake assembly, including a brake housing; a wheel rotor rotatable around a rotational axis; a friction member coupled to the wheel rotor; a first braking member and a second braking member arranged to sandwich the friction member; and a wear indicator assembly for indicating wear of the at least one friction member at an indication position on an outside of the brake housing. The wear indicator assembly includes an indicator rod having a first end inside the brake housing and a second end visible from the outside of the brake housing. The second end of the indicator rod is at a second distance from the rotational axis, greater than the first distance of the first end.

Abstract: The invention relates to a brake assembly, including a brake housing; a wheel rotor rotatable around a rotational axis; a friction member coupled to the wheel rotor; a first braking member and a second braking member arranged to sandwich the friction member; and a wear indicator assembly for indicating wear of the at least one friction member at an indication position on an outside of the brake housing. The wear indicator assembly includes an indicator rod having a first end inside the brake housing and a second end visible from the outside of the brake housing. The second end of the indicator rod is at a second distance from the rotational axis, greater than the first distance of the first end.

Abstract: The invention provides a vehicle brake system including a brake assembly providing a service brake and a parking brake having a brake disc assembly in common, a service brake circuit, a parking brake circuit, and a brake control arrangement adapted to control the service brake by selectively providing a fluid communication between a pressurising arrangement and the service brake via the service brake circuit, the brake control arrangement further being adapted to control the parking brake by selectively providing a fluid communication between the pressurising arrangement and the parking brake via the parking brake circuit, and by selectively draining the parking brake circuit, wherein the vehicle brake system includes a draining circuit adapted to drain the service brake circuit to avoid overload of the brake disc assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pipe comprising first and second parts of electrically conducting material. The parts are electrically insulated from each other and are arranged on the inside surface of the pipe, extending substantially in the longitudinal direction of the pipe.

Abstract: An electrical machine (1) comprises a rotor (20), a stator (10), a rotor power supply (50), at least one sensor (70) and a rotor magnetization control arrangement (60). The rotor has rotor windings (22) for controlling magnetization of rotor magnetic poles (24). The sensor is arranged to measure a parameter associated with a relative force between the stator and the rotor. The rotor magnetization control arrangement is communicationally connected to the sensor for receiving a signal representing the measured parameter. The rotor magnetic poles are divided into at least two groups (23). The rotor magnetization control arrangement is arranged for controlling the magnetization of the groups individually by providing a respective individually controllable rotor current. The rotor magnetization control arrangement is arranged to individually control the rotor currents in dependence of the signal representing the measured parameter. A method for controlling such an electrical machine is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a vehicle brake system including a brake assembly providing a service brake and a parking brake having a brake disc assembly in common, a service brake circuit, a parking brake circuit, and a brake control arrangement adapted to control the service brake by selectively providing a fluid communication between a pressurising arrangement and the service brake via the service brake circuit, the brake control arrangement further being adapted to control the parking brake by selectively providing a fluid communication between the pressurising arrangement and the parking brake via the parking brake circuit, and by selectively draining the parking brake circuit, wherein the vehicle brake system includes a draining circuit adapted to drain the service brake circuit to avoid overload of the brake disc assembly.

Abstract: An electrical machine (1) comprises a rotor (20), a stator (10), a rotor power supply (50), at least one sensor (70) and a rotor magnetization control arrangement (60). The rotor has rotor windings (22) for controlling magnetization of rotor magnetic poles (24). The sensor is arranged to measure a parameter associated with a relative force between the stator and the rotor. The rotor magnetization control arrangement is communicationally connected to the sensor for receiving a signal representing the measured parameter. The rotor magnetic poles are divided into at least two groups (23). The rotor magnetization control arrangement is arranged for controlling the magnetization of the groups individually by providing a respective individually controllable rotor current. The rotor magnetization control arrangement is arranged to individually control the rotor currents in dependence of the signal representing the measured parameter. A method for controlling such an electrical machine is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pipe comprising first and second parts of electrically conducting material. The parts are electrically insulated from each other and are arranged on the inside surface of the pipe, extending substantially in the longitudinal direction of the pipe.

Abstract: The switching chamber for a heavy-duty circuit breaker has a first arcing contact piece, a second arcing contact piece, a heating chamber, and an insulating nozzle. The first or second arcing contact piece can be moved by means of a drive. The heating chamber is used for temporarily storing quenching gas heated by an arc that may burn between the contact pieces. An insulating nozzle has a throat that is connected to the heating chamber, and which is used for guiding a quenching gas flow. During an opening operation, the two arcing contact pieces reach a maximum relative speed that is at least 1.3 times as great as a relative speed of the two arcing contact pieces. The relative speed being required for capacitive switching.

Abstract: The heavy-duty circuit breaker contains a first moveable arcing contact piece and a second moveable arcing contact piece as well as an auxiliary drive for driving the second arcing contact piece. An arc may burn between the arcing contact pieces. The heavy-duty circuit breaker has a heating chamber for temporarily storing quenching gas heated by the arc and a throat for guiding a quenching gas flow, which throat is connected to the heating chamber by a channel. The throat can be blocked by one of the two arcing contact pieces, which is the blocking contact piece. The auxiliary drive is designed such that, during an opening operation, a movement direction reversal of the second arcing contact piece from a movement in opposite directions to a movement in the same direction of the two arcing contact pieces takes place, if the throat is no longer blocked by the blocking contact piece.

Abstract: An electromechanical motor (1), using at least two bimorph, monomorph or multimorph electromechanical actuating elements (6) interconnected by a common actuator backbone (5) is disclosed. The actuating elements (6) are controllable in both a longitudinal direction (L), i.e. in the main extension direction of the actuating element (6), and a flexural direction, i.e. bending of the actuating element (6), separately. The different actuating elements (6) can be controlled individually as well. The actuator (3) dimensions are preferably selected to resonance frequencies in vicinity of a certain frequency. The actuating elements (6) are provided with interaction portions (7) at which any contact between the actuator and a body (2) to be moved is made. In order to operate well both in fine-positioning and resonant motion, the interaction portions (7) are arranged to partially suppress the transfer of acoustic waves between the actuating elements (6) and the body (2) to be moved.

Abstract: An electromechanical motor (1), using at least two bimorph, monomorph or multimorph electromechanical actuating elements (6) interconnected by a common actuator backbone (5) is disclosed. The actuating elements (6) are controllable in both a longitudinal direction (L), i.e. in the main extension direction of the actuating element (6), and a flexural direction, i.e. bending of the actuating element (6), separately. The different actuating elements (6) can be controlled individually as well. The actuator (3) dimensions are preferably selected to resonance frequencies in vicinity of a certain frequency. The actuating elements (6) are provided with interaction portions (7) at which any contact between the actuator and a body (2) to be moved is made. In order to operate well both in fine-positioning and resonant motion, the interaction portions (7) are arranged to partially suppress the transfer of acoustic waves between the actuating elements (6) and the body (2) to be moved.

Abstract: The switching chamber for a heavy-duty circuit breaker which can be filled with a quenching gas has a first arcing contact piece (1) and a second arcing contact piece (2), of which at least one (1; 2) can be moved by means of a drive. An arc (4) may burn between the contact pieces (1, 2). A heating chamber (11) is used for temporarily storing quenching gas heated by the arc (4). An insulating nozzle (5) has a throat (6), which is used for guiding a quenching gas flow and is connected to the heating chamber (11). During an opening operation, a maximum relative speed v12,max of the two arcing contact pieces (1, 2) in relation to one another is reached which is at least 1.3 times as great as a relative speed v12,c of the two arcing contact pieces (1, 2) which is required for capacitive switching.

Abstract: The heavy-duty circuit breaker can be filled with a quenching gas and contains a first moveable arcing contact piece and a second moveable arcing contact piece as well as a drive for driving the first arcing contact piece and an auxiliary drive for driving the second arcing contact piece. An arc may burn between the arcing contact pieces. The heavy-duty circuit breaker has a heating chamber for temporarily storing quenching gas heated by the arc and an insulating nozzle, which has a throat for guiding a quenching gas flow, which throat is connected to the heating chamber by means of a channel. The throat can be blocked at least partially by one of the two arcing contact pieces, which is referred to as the blocking contact piece.

Abstract: In manufacturing electromechanical drive elements, vibration properties are defined in a test environment. These properties are found to give a good operation when being arranged in a motor. Two flexural vibration modes are defined. One is an s-mode connected to an element being strapped at two supports at respective outer portions. The s-mode have three nodal points. The other vibration mode is an ?-mode connected to an element being strapped at the supports and at a drive pad arranged at a middle portion. The ?-mode has one nodal point at each side of the middle portion and the middle portion has a stroke amplitude that is smaller than stroke amplitudes at portions between the middle portion and the nodal points. An average of the resonance frequencies of the s-mode strapped at two and three points, respectively, differs from and the ?-mode resonance frequency by less than 25%.

Abstract: In manufacturing electromechanical drive elements, vibration properties are defined in a test environment. These properties are found to give a good operation when being arranged in a motor. Two flexural vibration modes are defined. One is an s-mode connected to an element being strapped at two supports at respective outer portions. The s-mode have three nodal points. The other vibration mode is an ?-mode connected to an element being strapped at the supports and at a drive pad arranged at a middle portion. The ?-mode has one nodal point at each side of the middle portion and the middle portion has a stroke amplitude that is smaller than stroke amplitudes at portions between the middle portion and the nodal points. An average of the resonance frequencies of the s-mode strapped at two and three points, respectively, differs from and the ?-mode resonance frequency by less than 25%.