Abstract: A cable terminal for electrical connection of a wire to a component. The cable terminal (3) includes a first part (6) and a second part (7). A first part (6) connects to the wire. A second part (7) includes a longitudinal and continuous slot (19) with a first section (8), adapted to the width of a screw head on a screw with which the cable terminal is to be fitted to the component, and a second section (10), adapted to the width of the screw's threaded section. In a first position the slot (19) can be passed over the screw head in the first section (8) so that the cable terminal (3) can be displaced in a direction along the slot so that the screw ends up in a second position in the second section (10). The second part (7) of the cable terminal includes a part (12) that forms a roof (13) positioned at least partly above the first section (8).

Abstract: Partitioning control of the wet end and dry end, by introducing estimates of physical properties such as dry weight: and percent ash at the wire, allows for machine direction (MD) controls to continue during loss of scanner measurements. A mathematical model estimates the controlled, variables, such as dry weight, basis weight, and ash percent at the wire, and these estimated values are then controlled. When scanner measurements resume, parameters in the model are recursively updated to compensate for any model errors and ensure an accurate model. MD controls consist of a cascade set-up where the estimated wire-dry weight or wire basis weight and estimated wire ash percent are controlled by manipulating stock flow and addition of filler to stock. When scanner measurements are available, they become the downstream variables in the cascade control and are controlled by manipulation of the setpoints for the estimated wire weight and ash.

Abstract: Alignment is a critical component for modeling a cross-directional (CD) papermaking process. It specifies the spatial relationship between individual CD actuators to paper quality measurements. Misalignment can occur unexpectedly due to sheet wander or CD shrinkage variation. In certain applications and circumstances, a misalignment of one third (?) actuator zone width can result in significant paper quality degradation. Detecting a misalignment and identifying CD alignment in closed loop are highly demanded in paper mills but these are nontrivial problems. A technique for maintaining proper CD alignment in sheetmaking systems entails monitoring the alignment online, triggering closed loop identification if misalignment is detected, and then deploying the new alignment. No personnel intervention is required.

Abstract: Alignment is a critical component for modeling a cross-directional (CD) papermaking process. It specifies the spatial relationship between individual CD actuators to paper quality measurements. Misalignment can occur unexpectedly due to sheet wander or CD shrinkage variation. In certain applications and circumstances, a misalignment of one third (?) actuator zone width can result in significant paper quality degradation. Detecting a misalignment and identifying CD alignment in closed loop are highly demanded in paper mills but these are nontrivial problems. A technique for maintaining proper CD alignment in sheetmaking systems entails monitoring the alignment online, triggering closed loop identification if misalignment is detected, and then deploying the new alignment. No personnel intervention is required.

Abstract: A method includes receiving measurement data from at least one sensor at a first controller. The measurement data is associated with a process. The method also includes receiving a first output signal at the first controller. The first output signal is generated by a second controller and affects the process. The method further includes determining how to control at least a portion of the process using the measurement data and the first output signal. In addition, the method includes providing a second output signal, where the second output signal is operable to control at least the portion of the process. The second controller may be operable to use the second output signal to generate the first output signal.

Abstract: A method includes predicting measurements or states to be used by a controller to control a process. The predicted measurements or states are generated using a model of the process. The method also includes providing the predicted measurements or states to the controller such that the controller uses the predicted measurements or states at a sampling rate of the controller. In addition, the method includes updating at least some of the predicted measurements or states using measurements associated with a characteristic of an item from a sensor. The model may represent a discrete time model, and the method may also include generating the discrete time model using a continuous time model of the process. The measurements could be received from a plurality of sensors, where at least two of the sensors have different sampling times.