Abstract: A gas discharge lamp (2) is operated with an alternating current. A positive lamp current (Ip) is generated with a positive current intisity (Ip) for a positive duration (?p). A negative lamp current (IN) is genrated with a negative current intensity (IN) for a negative duration (?N). A duty cycle (D=?p/(?p+?N)) differs from 50%. A current ratio (R=Ip/IN) differs from 1.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp (1) having a quartz glass discharge vessel (2) enclosing a discharge space (3) with an ionizable filling, wherein a first electrode (4) and a second electrode (40) are present between which a discharge is maintained during lamp operation, wherein a first seal (5) incorporates a first internal electric conductor (6) which connects the first electrode (4) to a first external electric conductor (7) extending from the seal (5) into the exterior, wherein said first seal (5) further incorporates a gas-filled cavity (10), wherein the internal electric conductor (6) is a foil which extends through the cavity (10), and wherein the foil (6) is provided with at least one hole (11).

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp (1) provided with a discharge vessel (2) made of quartz glass which encloses a discharge space (3) having an ionizable filling and an electrode (4). The discharge vessel (2) is provided with a seal (5) which preferably encloses an Mo foil and forms a feedthrough for an electric conductor (6) to the electrode (4). At the location of the foil, the seal (5) has a gastight sealed cavity (10). According to the invention the cavity (10) is free of a capacitive coupling. This improves reliable ignition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp provided with a discharge vessel that is enclosed, with an interspace, by an outer bulb. The end of this outer bulb is provided with a lamp cap. The lamp has an ignition circuit comprising a series connection of a glow starter and an ohmic impedance. According to the invention, the ohmic impedance is formed by a halogen incandescent lamp.

Abstract: In a baking space of an oven, baking molds filled with dough or a dough suspension to form moldings by forcibly passing heated air over the baking molds. The heated air is heated at a location external to the baking space.