Abstract: An improved flue gas scrubbing apparatus and method are disclosed. The flue gas scrubber comprises a double-pipe or a two-pipe system whereby flue gas enters the system. Scrubbing is accomplished by interaction between the flue gas and base in a pre-injection zone, followed by further reaction in a primary injection zone and passage through a cyclone unit. In preferred embodiments of the invention, it comprises a bypass system by which flue gas is automatically exhausted directly to the atmosphere in case of a system failure. The gas exhausted from the apparatus following scrubbing meets or exceeds international emissions standards.

Abstract: An improved flue gas scrubbing apparatus and method are disclosed. The flue gas scrubber comprises a double-pipe or a two-pipe system whereby flue gas enters the system. Scrubbing is accomplished by interaction between the flue gas and base in a pre-injection zone, followed by further reaction in a primary injection zone and passage through a cyclone unit. In preferred embodiments of the invention, it comprises a bypass system by which flue gas is automatically exhausted directly to the atmosphere in case of a system failure. The gas exhausted from the apparatus following scrubbing meets or exceeds international emissions standards.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for diluting a solution of an alkali metal hydroxide (MOH) by using seawater or any other aqueous solution are disclosed, in which a concentrated MOH solution and seawater contact opposite sides of a membrane adapted to transmit water but not other molecules, thus creating a diluted solution of MOH and concentrated brine. Additional embodiments include means for limiting fouling of the system by removing Ca and Mg from the seawater by precipitation or reaction with a flocculant. Means and methods for adapting the method and apparatus for use in a flue gas desulfurization system are also disclosed.