Abstract: A sample with unknown concentrations of elements is placed in a first step into a spectrometer and the intensities I1, I2, . . . , In of the sample for the component elements are measured while the concentrations of the sample are determined, or—alternatively—a sample with known concentrations of the substances C1, C2, . . . , Cn is placed into the spectrometer and the intensities of the sample are determined. The fictive theoretical intensity values, the I100%-values, for the component elements are calculated in a second step with the aid of the determined concentrations and the measured intensities I1, I2, . . . , In, or with the aid of the determined intensities and the known concentrations C1, C2, . . . Cn. New I100%-values for the corresponding elements are calculated in a third step with the aid of standards with known concentrations, the intensities of which standards are measured.

Abstract: Process of placing a sample of known concentrations of known elements in a spectrometer; measuring the intensity II, I2 . . . In of the different elements included in the sample, by relating known concentrations C1, C2 . . . Cn for the elements included in the sample to the measured intensities II, I2 . . . In so as to calculate a fictive intensity for a 100%-pure element for each of the elements included; calculating calibration constants K1, K2 . . . Kn for each of the elements as the relationship between measured intensity II, I2 . . . In and the calculated intensity of respective 100%-pure elements; placing a sample of unknown concentrations of the elements in the spectrometer and reading-off the intensity of the different elements; and calculating the concentration of respective elements in the last mentioned sample as the measured intensity multiplied by respective calibration constants for the elements present in the sample.

Abstract: Process of placing a sample of known concentrations of known elements in a spectrometer; measuring the intensity II, I2 . . . In of the different elements included in the sample, by relating known concentrations C1, C2 . . . Cn for the elements included in the sample to the measured intensities II, I2 . . . In so as to calculate a fictive intensity for a 100%-pure element for each of the elements included; calculating calibration constants K1, K2 . . . Kn for each of the elements as the relationship between measured intensity II, I2 . . . In and the calculated intensity of respective 100%-pure elements; placing a sample of unknown concentrations of the elements in the spectrometer and reading-off the intensity of the different elements; and calculating the concentration of respective elements in the last mentioned sample as the measured intensity multiplied by respective calibration constants for the elements present in the sample.

Abstract: A belt for use in a paper machine includes a water impermeable base layer and a web-side porous layer coupled with the base layer. The porous layer includes interconnected pores which are of an open cell structure.

Abstract: A method of producing amorphous sample bodies that can be used for optical spectral analysis and X-ray spectral analysis, by batch-wise smelting in a crucible a mixture of analysis sample and a flux. The method is characterized by allowing a controlled flow of molten material to run out of the crucible and successively down onto a horizontal receiving surface and there form the sample bodies. The mixture is smelted suitably at a temperature of between 800.degree. and 1300.degree. C., preferably at about 1000.degree. C., and is carried out in a crucible having a hole in the bottom thereof. A apparatus for producing such amorphous sample bodies is also disclosed. The apparatus includes a smelt crucible provided with an opening in its lower part and which is designed to be downwardly tapered at least inside in order to prevent the mixture from coming out, but to facilitate running of molten material through the opening.