Abstract: The disclosure describes a composition comprising a lipidaceous carrier and a peptide complex formed from poly-L-lysine or a salt thereof; and either poly-L-glutamic acid or poly-L-aspartic acid, or a salt thereof. The composition can be used to prevent or treat a disease related to pulmonary surfactant dysfunction, such as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), hydrocarbon poisoning, near-drowning, HIV/AIDS-related lung diseases, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or acute lung injury (ALI), asthma, tuberculosis (TB) or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Alternatively, the composition can be used to increase the permeability of a pharmaceutical compound or composition across a membrane of a subject or to act as a carrier. The poly-L-lysine or salt thereof is longer than the poly-L-glutamic acid or poly-L-aspartic acid so that the complex that forms has a charge-neutralized region and a positively-charged region.

Abstract: An adaptive system, method, and computer-readable medium having instructions thereon for implementing a method via a processor are provided to determine a user's level of proficiency in a specific area. In embodiments, a user's level of proficiency is determined using a machine-learning system in which the system and method adapt to the user's level, based on that user's inputted answers and other users' inputted answers, in order to create a more insightful process of determination based on the user's comprehension and other factors observed via processor.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a composition comprising a lipidaceous carrier and a peptide complex formed from poly-L-lysine or a salt thereof; and either poly-L-glutamic acid or poly-L-aspartic acid, or a salt thereof. The composition can be used to prevent or treat a disease related to pulmonary surfactant dysfunction, such as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), hydrocarbon poisoning, near-drowning, HIV/AIDS-related lung diseases, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma, tuberculosis (TB) or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Alternatively, the composition can be used to increase the permeability of a pharmaceutical compound or composition across a membrane of a subject. The poly-L-lysine or salt thereof is longer than the poly-L-glutamic acid or poly-L-aspartic acid so that the complex that forms has a charge-neutralised region and a positively-charged region.