Abstract: A sample loading cartridge (1) for a microfluidic device comprises a cartridge body (10) with a sample reservoir (20) configured to house a volume of a liquid sample (3) and a sample port (30) in connection with the sample reservoir (20). The cartridge (1) also comprises an output channel (40) extending from the sample reservoir (20) and a feedback channel (50) connected to the sample reservoir (20) and to the sample port (30). The cartridge body (10) comprises a detection portion (60) aligned with the feedback channel (50) to enable detection of any sample (3) in the feedback channel (50). The flow resistance of the feedback channel (50) is lower than the flow resistance of the output channel (40) to cause liquid sample (3) received in the sample port (30) to enter the feedback channel (50) with substantially no liquid sample (3) entering the output channel (40).

Abstract: A configurable control panel system (10) for an agricultural machine, the system comprising: one or more pre-coded pushbuttons (1), each push button having a code mechanism adapted to carry a specific code representing a dedicated function for the push button; a control panel (5) provided with one or more sockets (7) adapted to receive and detachably attach any one of said pre-coded push buttons (1), each socket having a decoding mechanism adapted to generate a code specific control signal based on the code carried by the pre-coded push button when the push button is actuated.

Abstract: A configurable control panel system (10) for an agricultural machine, the system comprising: one or more pre-coded pushbuttons (1), each push button having a code mechanism adapted to carry a specific code representing a dedicated function for the push button; a control panel (5) provided with one or more sockets (7) adapted to receive and detachably attach any one of said pre-coded push buttons (1), each socket having a decoding mechanism adapted to generate a code specific control signal based on the code carried by the pre-coded push button when the push button is actuated.

Abstract: A method and device for forming a mat of material containing lignocellulose, which mat is intended to form at least one board, disintegrated material containing lignocellulose being fed to a feeding out unit, and from this being fed in the form of a material flow to a forming unit (200) comprising at least one forming belt (207), the feeding out unit being positioned at a higher level than the forming unit (200). At least one feeding down surface (14) is arranged which extends from the feeding out unit to the forming unit (200), and the transport of material between the feeding out unit and the forming unit (200) is effected by feeding the material downwards along this feeding down surface (14), whereby a controlled material flow is provided between these units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plant and a method for producing and treating wood fibres in a plant comprising a fibre-producing part having a chip preheater (1) and a beater (2) for freeing fibre from wood chips. Such a plant and such a method are included as parts in a continuous production process of board and the object is to reduce the emission discharges of foremost VOC and formaldehyde, during different parts of the process as well as from the finished product.

Abstract: The invention concerns the bit error resilience of an IP protocol stack based on a secure link layer, in which packet flows are header compressed according to a suitable header compression standard. By analyzing each packet at the link layer, it can be determined whether the packet is a full header packet, in which case the link layer checksum evaluation is used as normal for discarding faulty full header packets, or a header compressed packet, in which case the link layer checksum evaluation is ignored and the packet is propagated upwards in the protocol stack. This solution not only allows for more intelligent higher-level handling of faulty header compressed packets, but also solves the problem of properly protecting full header packets at the link layer. In order to compensate for ignoring the link layer checksum evaluation for header compressed packets, header protection is introduced at the header compression level of the link layer by using one or more local checksums.

Abstract: When separating steam and gas from a stream containing, possibly glue-coated, fibre pulp produced by a refiner, the hot fibre pulp is directly fed from the refiner to a separation cyclone (4) placed in a drying channel (2) for drying the fibre pulp. A hot drying air flow having substantially higher temperature, about 160° C., than the fibre pulp is blown through the drying channel so that the separation cyclone is surrounded by the hot drying air flow. The light steam containing fraction separated by the separation cyclone is conducted out of the separation cyclone via an outlet conduit (9) away from the hot drying air flow, whereas the separated heavy fibre containing fraction is conducted out of the separation cyclone directly into the hot drying air flow that entrains the heady fraction to a drying plant. Energy is recovered from the light steam containing fraction and ecologically harmful substances are separated from the latter.

Abstract: A telecommunications system (10) has a radio access network comprising plural control nodes (26) and inter-control node links (Iur) for connecting the plural control nodes. A handover selection function (200) makes a selection regarding which of plural connections handled by the radio access network should have control thereof moved from a first control node (e.g., current SRNC) to another of the plural control nodes (e.g., target SRNC) to alleviate congestion on an overloaded one of the inter-control node links. The selection includes a determination of a cost for each of the connections carried by the overloaded link. The cost of each of the connections carried by the overloaded link is a product of a number of inter-control links involved in the connection and an inter-control link bandwidth required by the connection.

Abstract: When separating steam and gas from a stream containing, possibly glue-coated, fibre pulp produced by a refiner, the hot fibre pulp is directly fed from the refiner to a separation cyclone (4) placed in a drying channel (2) for drying the fibre pulp. A hot drying air flow having substantially higher temperature, about 160° C., than the fibre pulp is blown through the drying channel so that the separation cyclone is surrounded by the hot drying air flow. The light steam containing fraction separated by the separation cyclone is conducted out of the separation cyclone via an outlet conduit (9) away from the hot drying air flow, whereas the separated heavy fibre containing fraction is conducted out of the separation cyclone directly into the hot drying air flow that entrains the heady fraction to a drying plant. Energy is recovered from the light steam containing fraction and ecologically harmful substances are separated from the latter.

Abstract: A telecommunications network (110) has a unit (100) and technique to alleviate congestion on a congested link as can occur, e.g., when a new connection seeks admission to the network. The congestion avoidance technique/unit ascertains, from a set of candidate connections (C0, C1, C2, C3), a best candidate to route in order to avoid the congestion. Further, the congestion avoidance technique/unit determines a best candidate path to which the best candidate connection is to be routed. The best candidate connection and the best candidate path are determined so that, after routing the best candidate connection to the best candidate path, a load of the weakest link in the network is as low as possible.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of blocking undesired traffic in data communication systems that uses packet switching. Blocking is effected by determining the sender address of incoming data packets, and then comparing this address with a list of reliable addresses. The data packet is erased immediately, if the sender addresss is not included in the list. The list of accepted addresses can be created in several wayoi among others by including in the list addresses to which the user has himself sent data, these addresses therefore being considered reliable addresses. Addresses of friends and acquaintances can also be inserted in the list manually. The invetion thus enables undesired data from unreliable senders to be avoided. Such data loading limited resources, such as wireless internet connections for example. Neither is there any risk of the receiver being required to pay for information that he himself has not requested.

Abstract: Two different types of communications channels including first and second types are provided to support user connections in a communications system. A first type of channel supports a user connection. Thereafter, a current load or throughput on the first type of channel is detected. Based on the detected load or throughput, a corresponding data amount threshold is provided. A current amount of data to be transmitted over the user connection is detected. A determination is made whether to switch the user connection from the first type of channel to the second type of channel based on the current amount of data to be transmitted over the user connection and on the data amount threshold. In the example embodiment, the user connection is switched to the second type of channel when the current amount of data to be transmitted is greater than the data amount threshold. Otherwise, the user connection is maintained on the first type of channel.

Abstract: A channel-type switching control approach permits a variety of communication services to be provided in an efficient manner. A parameter affecting the decision whether to switch a user connection from a first type of communications channel to a second type of communications channel is detected. A channel-type switching decision is then made so as to reduce undesirable channel-type switching. Undesirable channel-type switching may include inefficient, excessive, or rapid cyclic switching of the user connection between the first and second channel-types. An undesirable channel-type switch may also be one where the “cost” of making the channel-type switch to the second type of channel is “more expensive” than the cost of maintaining the user connection on the first type of channel. In an example embodiment, the channel switching decision takes into account a current throughput over the second type of channel.

Abstract: A telecommunications network (110) has a unit (100) and technique to alleviate congestion on a congested link as can occur, e.g., when a new connection seeks admission to the network. The congestion avoidance technique/unit ascertains, from a set of candidate connections (C0, C1, C2, C3), a best candidate to route in order to avoid the congestion. Further, the congestion avoidance technique/unit determines a best candidate path to which the best candidate connection is to be routed. The best candidate connection and the best candidate path are determined so that, after routing the best candidate connection to the best candidate path, a load of the weakest link in the network is as low as possible.

Abstract: Method is disclosed for treating wood chips including a heater for preheating the wood chips in the presence of steam, a beater to mechanically process the wood chips into wood fibers, a cyclone for separating the wood fibers from steam and volatile organic substances produced in the beater, a blower line for transporting the wood fibers, steam and volatile organic substances from the beater to the inlet of the cyclone, a drying conduit connected to the lower outlet of the cyclone for carrying wood fibers therefrom, a sluice valve associated with the lower outlet of the cyclone for controlling the removal of the wood fibers from the cyclone, and a processing conduit connected to the upper outlet of the cyclone for the steam and the volatile organic substances whereby the volatile organic substances separated in the cyclone can be separated and heat associated with the steam separated in the cyclone can be recovered.

Abstract: A telecommunications system (10) has a radio access network comprising plural control nodes (26) and inter-control node links (Iur) for connecting the plural control nodes. A handover selection function (200) makes a selection regarding which of plural connections handled by the radio access network should have control thereof moved from a first control node (e.g., current SRNC) to another of the plural control nodes (e.g., target SRNC) to alleviate congestion on an overloaded one of the inter-control node links. The selection includes a determination of a cost for each of the connections carried by the overloaded link. The cost of each of the connections carried by the overloaded link is a product of a number of inter-control links involved in the connection and an inter-control link bandwidth required by the connection.

Abstract: The invention concerns the bit error resilience of an IP protocol stack based on a secure link layer, in which packet flows are header compressed according to a suitable header compression standard. According to the invention, by analyzing each packet at the link layer it can be determined whether the packet is a full header packet, in which case the link layer checksum evaluation is used as normal for discarding faulty full header packets, or a header compressed packet in which case the link layer checksum evaluation is ignored and the packet is propagated upwards in the protocol stack. This solution not only opens up for more intelligent higher-level handling of faulty header compressed packets, but also solves the problem of properly protecting full header packets at the link layer. In order to compensate for ignoring the link layer checksum evaluation for header compressed packets, header protection is introduced at the header compression level of the link layer by using one or more local checksums.