Abstract: A method for transmitting real time data packets in a cyclic communication system, each transmission cycle having a first partial cycle (IRT-Z) for a real time communication portion and a second partial cycle (NRT-Z) for a non-real-time communication portion. The method includes determination (118) of a cycle number and processing of a transmission sequence of real time data packets in the first partial cycle. The transmission sequence is composed of one or more partial sequences (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), and the composition depends on the cycle number.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for synchronizing a communications cycle and a communications node in a network. The node is formed with devices for receiving a desired value for a time base of a communications cycle of the communications node in a communications link to an additional communications node of the network. The node also includes devices for determining a system deviation between the desired value and an actual value of the time base, and a device for generating a manipulated variable for correcting the time base in accordance with the system deviation.

Abstract: A method for receiving data messages in communications systems having redundant network paths. Received data of a peripheral representation or image is routed to a node along at least two different network paths. This makes it possible to store a consistent peripheral representation or image in a memory (12) of a node, if there is a disturbance in the data transmission along one network path.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for synchronizing nodes of a communication system comprising the following steps: receipt of a first synchronization message by a first node, whereby the first synchronization message contains a desired receipt time by a first node; correction of a time base of the first node, based on a deviation between an actual receipt time, determined as a result of the base time, and the desired receipt time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mechanism and a coupling device, a so-called secure switch, for securing data access of a first subscriber to a second subscriber, wherein the secure switch has a port that is configured to provide an endpoint of a tunnel to the second subscriber through which data can be securely transmitted via an insecure network. The tunnel is established in the secure switch in place of the downstream first subscriber. The invention is advantageous in that security functions can be integrated into existing networks at a later point in time by inserting secure switches.

Abstract: A method for transmitting real time data packets in a cyclic communication system, each transmission cycle having a first partial cycle (IRT-Z) for a real time communication portion and a second partial cycle (NRT-Z) for a non-real-time communication portion. The method includes determination (118) of a cycle number and processing of a transmission sequence of real time data packets in the first partial cycle. The transmission sequence is composed of one or more partial sequences (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), and the composition depends on the cycle number.

Abstract: A method for receiving data messages in communications systems having redundant network paths. Received data of a peripheral representation or image is routed to a node along at least two different network paths. This makes it possible to store a consistent peripheral representation or image in a memory (12) of a node, if there is a disturbance in the data transmission along one network path.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for synchronizing nodes of a communication system comprising the following steps: receipt of a first synchronization message by a first node, whereby the first synchronization message contains a desired receipt time by a first node; correction of a time base of the first node, based on a deviation between an actual receipt time, determined as a result of the base time, and the desired receipt time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for synchronizing a communications cycle and a communications node in a network. Said node comprises: devices for receiving a desired value for a time base of a communications cycle of the communications node in a communications link to an additional communications node of the network; devices for determining a system deviation between the desired value and an actual value of the time base; and a device for generating a manipulated variable for correcting the time base in accordance with the system deviation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a switching node and to a method for operating a switching node in a data network. Said method comprises the following steps: receipt of a data message at a first port of the switching node; verification of whether the data message is a broad cast data message. If said message is not a broadcast data message, the source address of the data message is passed to a dynamic address table and if said message and if this message is a data broadcast data message, the data message is forwarded via the additional ports of the switching node.

Abstract: System and method for introducing redundancy mechanisms into a communication system, comprising the following steps:

Abstract: The present invention provides a fan for moving air or transporting loose material. The fan comprises an inlet suction pipe that is bifurcated to form two pieces that then open out into a cone, after which there is a fan-blade wheel. This fan-blade wheel is driven by a drive shaft that passes through the cone and out in the area between the pipes. The drive shaft is driven directly by a motor or through a belt or gear-train drive system.