Abstract: A sensor for verifying value documents is designed to determine a luminescence characteristic of a value document that is moved past the sensor for verification purposes, and the provision of a velocity correction of the luminescence characteristic of the value document in the sensor, resulting in a distortion of the measured luminescence intensities. A reference sensor is used to determine an average velocity dependency of the luminescence characteristic of a reference medium, said average velocity dependency being averaged over both opposite directions of movement and being used to determine a velocity dependency of a corrective factor for the luminescence characteristic. Said determined velocity dependency is used to determine the corrective factor for the luminescence characteristic, said corrective factor applying to the velocity of the movement of the value document during the verification process, and the luminescence characteristic is then corrected by said corrective factor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing vinyl acetate, said method being characterized in that a) the gaseous product mixture leaving the reactor is cooled to a temperature of 100° C. to 120° C. using one or more heat exchangers, b) the thus obtained product mixture is supplied to a distillation column which is equipped with filling elements (pre-dehydration column), c) the pre-dehydration column head product which substantially contains wafer, vinyl acetate, and ethylene is cooled, and the condensate (head product condensate) produced in the process is separated into a water phase and an organic phase (vinyl acetate phase), which substantially comprises vinyl acetate, in a phase separator, d) at least 99 wt. % of the acetic acid contained in the product mixture is separated via the bottom of the pre-dehydration column, and the head product of the pre-dehydration column contains <0.1 wt.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus for cleaning articles to be cleaned includes at least one cleaning chamber; at least one conveying device configured to convey the articles to be cleaned in a conveying direction through the cleaning chamber, the at least one conveying device comprising a plurality of tracks arranged side by side; at least one nozzle system configured to act upon the articles to be cleaned with at least one cleaning fluid; at least one sensor configured to detect a loading of the conveying device with articles to be cleaned; and at least one control means programmed to select at least one operating mode of the cleaning apparatus corresponding to the loading of the conveying device detected by the sensor, and to propose the selected operating mode to a user of the cleaning apparatus by providing a visual indicator on one or several tracks of the conveying device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing vinyl acetate, said method being characterized in that a) the gaseous product mixture leaving the reactor is cooled to a temperature of 100° C. to 120° C. using one or more heat exchangers, b) the thus obtained product mixture is supplied to a distillation column which is equipped with filling elements (pre-dehydration column), c) the pre-dehydration column head product which substantially contains wafer, vinyl acetate, and ethylene is cooled, and the condensate (head product condensate) produced in the process is separated into a water phase and an organic phase (vinyl acetate phase), which substantially comprises vinyl acetate, in a phase separator, d) at least 99 wt. % of the acetic acid contained in the product mixture is separated via the bottom of the pre-dehydration column, and the head product of the pre-dehydration column contains <0.1 wt.

Abstract: A multiwall sheet (30) comprising a first wall (2); a second wall (4); a plurality of ribs (8) extended between the first and second walls (2, 4); and a plurality of mid-ribs (6), wherein one mid-rib (6) extends between each two adjacent ribs (8), wherein the mid-ribs (6) extend at a mid-rib angle (18) relative to an adjoining rib (8), and wherein the mid-rib angle (18) is not 90° relative to a rib (8) to which it attaches, wherein the mid-ribs (6) attach only to adjacent ribs (8), and wherein the mid-ribs (6) do not attach to either the first or second walls (2, 4).

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus for cleaning articles to be cleaned is proposed, in particular a tunnel dishwashing machine. The cleaning apparatus includes at least one cleaning chamber and at least one conveying device, wherein the conveying device is set up to convey the articles to be cleaned in a conveying direction through the cleaning chamber. The cleaning apparatus comprises at least one nozzle system for acting upon the articles to be cleaned with at least one cleaning fluid. The cleaning apparatus additionally comprises at least one sensor for the articles to be cleaned which is set up in order to detect a loading of the conveying device with articles to be cleaned. The cleaning apparatus additionally comprises at least one control means and at least one displaying means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing vinyl acetate in a heterogeneously catalyzed, continuous gas-phase process by reacting ethylene with acetic acid and oxygen in a reactor, and a) separating the product gas flow essentially containing ethylene, vinyl acetate, acetic acid, water, carbon dioxide, and other inert gases, and b) feeding a circulating gas flow containing ethylene and CO2 back into the reactor, c) the circulating gas flow being compressed in a circulating gas compressor before being fed back into the reactor, and d) a partial flow of the circulating gas is branched off on the suction side or the pressure side of the circulating gas compressor and is fed to a CO2 scrubbing process, and e) is scrubbed in a water scrubber before the CO2 scrubbing process, characterized in that f) after the CO2 scrubbing process, the partial flow, together with ethylene as a propellant, is fed, by means of a jet compressor, to the circulating gas on the pressure side of the circulating gas compressor and do

Abstract: Disclosed herein are multiwall sheets and methods for making the same. In one embodiment, a multiwall sheet comprises: main layers and transverse walls. The multiwall sheet comprises: a total thickness of greater than or equal to about 45 mm, a weight of greater than or equal to about 4.5 kg/m2, and/or greater than or equal to about 8 cells and a U-value of less than or equal to about 1.2 W/m2K. The multiwall sheet further comprises greater than 75 wt % branched polycarbonate resin, based upon a total weight of the multiwall sheet.

Abstract: A process for preparing unsaturated carboxylic esters includes reaction of alkenes having 2 to 6 carbon atoms with alkanecarboxylic acids having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the presence of an oxygenous gas and in the presence of a heterogeneous noble metal catalyst by means of a continuous homogeneous gas phase process in a reactor. A gaseous phase (cycle gas) is circulated, and the cycle gas is laden with alkanecarboxylic acid in an acid saturator before entry into the reactor. In a presaturator connected upstream of the acid saturator, the cycle gas is laden with a portion of the amount of alkanecarboxylic acid used for saturation, and then it is transferred to the acid saturator and laden there with the remaining amount of alkanecarboxylic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing vinyl acetate in a heterogeneously catalyzed, continuous gas-phase process by reacting ethylene with acetic acid and oxygen in a reactor, and a) separating the product gas flow essentially containing ethylene, vinyl acetate, acetic acid, water, carbon dioxide, and other inert gases, and b) feeding a circulating gas flow containing ethylene and CO2 back into the reactor, c) the circulating gas flow being compressed in a circulating gas compressor before being fed back into the reactor, and d) a partial flow of the circulating gas is branched off on the suction side or the pressure side of the circulating gas compressor and is fed to a CO2 scrubbing process, and e) is scrubbed in a water scrubber before the CO2 scrubbing process, characterized in that f) after the CO2 scrubbing process, the partial flow, together with ethylene as a propellant, is fed, by means of a jet compressor, to the circulating gas on the pressure side of the circulating gas compressor and do

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing unsaturated carboxylic esters by means of reaction of alkenes having 2 to 6 carbon atoms with alkanecarboxylic acids having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the presence of an oxygenous gas and in the presence of a heterogeneous noble metal catalyst by means of a continuous homogeneous gas phase process in a reactor, wherein a gaseous phase (cycle gas) is circulated, and the cycle gas is laden with alkanecarboxylic acid in an acid saturator before entry into the reactor, characterized in that, in a presaturator connected upstream of the acid saturator, the cycle gas is laden with a portion of the amount of alkanecarboxylic acid used for saturation, then it is transferred to the acid saturator and laden there with the remaining amount of alkanecarboxylic acid.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has at least one cylinder and at least one gas exchange valve (1; 1a, 1b) controlled by a first cam (14) on a first camshaft (16) and by a second cam (15) on a second camshaft (17), at least one camshaft (16, 17) having an adjustable phase position in order to modify the control times of the gas exchange valve (1; 1a, 1b). The first cam (14) acts upon actuating means (6, 10) and the second cam (15) upon actuating means (6, 10) which actuate the gas exchange valve (6, 10). The actuating means (6, 10) are designed in such a way that the gas exchange valve (1) opens only when both the first cam (14) and the second cam (15) are acting upon the actuating means (6, 10). A simple structure with very high degrees of freedom for the control is achieved in that the actuating means (6, 10) comprise a lever which actuates the gas exchange valve (1; 1a, 1b) and is actuated by both cams (14, 15).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are multiwall sheets and methods for making the same. In one embodiment, a multiwall sheet comprises: main layers and transverse walls. The multiwall sheet comprises: a total thickness of greater than or equal to about 45 mm, a weight of greater than or equal to about 4.5 kg/m2, and/or greater than or equal to about 8 cells and a U-value of less than or equal to about 1.2 W/m2K. The multiwall sheet further comprises greater than 75 wt % branched polycarbonate resin, based upon a total weight of the multiwall sheet.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising a variable valve drive device provided with at least one camshaft having at least one cam arrangement. Said cam arrangement comprises a cam which can be displaced essentially radially in relation to the camshaft, and at least one, preferably two, base circle disks fixed to the camshaft.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has at least one cylinder and at least one gas exchange valve (1; 1a, 1b) controlled by a first cam (14) on a first camshaft (16) and by a second cam (15) on a second camshaft (17), at least one camshaft (16, 17) having an adjustable phase position in order to modify the control times of the gas exchange valve (1; 1a, 1b). The first cam (14) acts upon actuating means (6, 10) and the second cam (15) upon actuating means (6, 10) which actuate the gas exchange valve (6, 10). The actuating means (6, 10) are designed in such a way that the gas exchange valve (1) opens only when both the first cam (14) and the second cam (15) are acting upon the actuating means (6, 10). A simple structure with very high degrees of freedom for the control is achieved in that the actuating means (6, 10) comprise a lever which actuates the gas exchange valve (1; 1a, 1b) and is actuated by both cams (14, 15).

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising a variable valve drive device provided with at least one camshaft having at least one cam arrangement. Said cam arrangement comprises a cam which can be displaced essentially radially in relation to the camshaft, and at least one, preferably two, base circle disks fixed to the camshaft.

Abstract: An intake system for internal combustion engines, comprising suction pipes of different lengths, which can be connected individually--preferably in accordance with the engine speed--to the intake passage in the cylinder head leading to the intake valve. The main intake pipe is connected to each intake passage by means of a connecting piece, and three suction passages of different lengths departing from the main intake pipe open into this connecting piece either in the direction of its axis or on opposite sides thereof, the connecting piece containing a butterfly control valve which is centrally mounted on a shaft parallel to the longitudinal axis of the engine, and which--in its two extreme positions and in its center position--establishes the flow connection between one of the suction passages and the intake passage.

Abstract: Dry cylinder-liners are partly inserted into the liquid cooled lower part a common cylinder head, which is fastened to an upwardly extended crankcase by means of crankshaft main bearing studs having their threads at the level of the inserted parts of the liners. Thus, cylinders and crankcase are stress-relieved, permitting a simple design and the use of less expensive materials and production methods.

Abstract: An assembly of auxiliary equipment for a water-cooled internal combustion engine having an oil pump, a water pump and an oil cooler/oil filter unit, wherein the oil pump, water pump and oil cooler/oil filter unit are provided as separate interchangeable subassemblies and are combined and interconnected into a constructional unit that can be mounted on the engine.

Abstract: Low-noise-level internal combustion Vee-engine with a skeletal engine unit support and the cylinder head mounted thereon, auxiliary units rigidly connected to the skeletal engine unit support and the cylinder head, an engine case surrounding the engine unit support and connected to same by at least one sound-absorbing member.