Abstract: A process for treating a finely particulate, in particular metal-containing, charge material: The charge material and a treatment gas, in particular a reduction gas, are introduced into a fluidized bed chamber of a fluidized bed reactor to form a fluidized bed. After at least partial reaction in the fluidized bed, the treatment gas is discharged from the fluidized bed and, outside the fluidized bed, is at least partially reprocessed, preferably oxidized, by an exothermic, chemical reaction with a reactant, preferably with a gaseous and/or liquid oxidizing agent. The thermal energy of this reaction is at least partially introduced into the fluidized bed chamber, in particular into the fluidized bed, or being discharged therefrom to affect the temperature of the particulate material above the bed. Also an apparatus for operating such a fluidized bed includes the chamber, lines into and out of the chamber for gas and material and a cyclone at the chamber for the material.

Abstract: A process for treating a finely particulate, in particular metal-containing, charge material: The charge material and a treatment gas, in particular a reduction gas, are introduced into a fluidized bed chamber of a fluidized bed reactor to form a fluidized bed. After at least partial reaction in the fluidized bed, the treatment gas is discharged from the fluidized bed and, outside the fluidized bed, is at least partially reprocessed, preferably oxidized, by an exothermic, chemical reaction with a reactant, preferably with a gaseous and/or liquid oxidizing agent. The thermal energy of this reaction is at least partially introduced into the fluidized bed chamber, in particular into the fluidized bed, or being discharged therefrom to affect the temperature of the particulate material above the bed. Also an apparatus for operating such a fluidized bed includes the chamber, lines into and out of the chamber for gas and material and a cyclone at the chamber for the material.

Abstract: In a process for producing a metal melt by reducing metal-oxide-containing material in a fluidized-bed reactor by the fluidized-bed method and by subsequently melting down the reduced material in a melt-down gasifier, in the melt-down gasifier there is generated from carbon-containing material a reducing gas which is used for reducing the metal-oxide containing material by the fluidized-bed method. Both the reducing and the melting-down are effected under atmospheric excess pressure. For the purposes of transferring the reduced material from the fluidized-bed reactor into the melt-down gasifier in a simple manner, a lower pressure is set in an intermediate vessel situated above the melt-down gasifier than in fluidized-bed reactor, and the reduced material is allowed to flow, under relaxation, upwards from the fluidized-bed reactor into the intermediate vessel and conducted from the intermediate vessel via a sluice system into the melt-down gasifier while being pressurized.

Abstract: In a process for the direct reduction of particulate iron-oxide-containing material by fluidization, a synthesis gas is introduced as a reducing gas into several fluidized bed zones consecutively arranged in series. The reducing gas is conducted from one fluidized bed zone to another fluidized bed zone in counterflow to a flow of particulate iron-oxide containing material through the fluidized bed zones. In order to reduce operating costs and, in particular, the energy demand, various process parameters are varied according to the temperature of the iron-oxide-containing material in the first fluidized bed zone being adjusted to be below 400° C. (and, preferably, below 350° C.), above 580° C. (and preferably about 650° C.), or to a temperature within the range of from 400° C. to 580° C. If the temperature of the iron-oxide-containing material in the first fluidized bed zone is maintained to be below 400° C.

Abstract: In a process for producing a metal melt by reducing metal-oxide-containing material in a fluidized-bed reactor (1 to 3) by the fluidized-bed method and by subsequently melting down the reduced material in a melt-down gasifier (10), in the melt-down gasifier (10) there is generated from carbon-containing material a reducing gas which is used for reducing the metal-oxide-containing material by the fluidized-bed method. Herein, both the reducing and the melting-down are effected under atmospheric excess pressure.

Abstract: In a process for the direct reduction of particulate iron-oxide-containing material by fluidization, a synthesis as is introduced as a reducing gas into several fluidized bed zones consecutively arranged in series for the reducing gas and the reducing as is conducted from one fluidized bed zone to another fluidized bed zone in counterflow to the particulate iron-oxide containing material.

Abstract: A process for the direct reduction of particulate iron-oxide-containing material by fluidization. A synthesis gas is introduced as a reducing gas into several fluidized bed zones consecutively arranged in series for the reducing gas. The reducing gas is conducted from one fluidized bed zone to another fluidized bed zone in counterflow to the particulate iron-oxide containing material. In order to reduce operating costs and, in particular, the energy demand, the temperature of the iron-oxide-containing material is adjusted in the first fluidized bed zone to be either below 400° C. (and, preferably, below 350° C.), or above 580° C. (and preferably about 650° C.), or to a temperature ranging from 400° C. to 580° C. If the temperature of the iron-oxide-containing material in the first fluidized bed zone is adjusted to be below 400° C., the temperature range in the following fluidized bed zone between 400° C. and 580° C.