Abstract: An unleaded gasoline composition comprising: (i) a gasoline base fuel; and (ii) component A, wherein component A is an alkyl alkenoate compound, or a mixture of alkyl alkenoate compounds, selected from compounds of formula I: wherein R1 is a linear alkenyl group containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a methyl group, and R2 is a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The gasoline composition of the present invention exhibits good lubricity. The gasoline composition of the invention in another aspect provides increased sensitivity.

Abstract: Gasoline compositions are provided comprising component A, an alkyl alkenoate compound, or a mixture of alkyl alkenoate compounds, selected from compounds of formula I: wherein R1 is a linear alkenyl group containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a methyl group, and R2 is a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, with the proviso that component A has a boiling point or boiling point range within the temperature range of from 90 to 200° C., and at least one additional selected component.

Abstract: An unleaded gasoline composition comprising: (i) a gasoline base fuel; and (ii) component A, wherein component A is an alkyl alkenoate compound, or a mixture of alkyl alkenoate compounds, selected from compounds of formula I: wherein R1 is a linear alkenyl group containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a methyl group, and R2 is a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The gasoline composition of the present invention exhibits good lubricity. The gasoline composition of the invention in another aspect provides increased sensitivity.

Abstract: Gasoline compositions are provided comprising component A, an alkyl alkenoate compound, or a mixture of alkyl alkenoate compounds, selected from compounds of formula I: wherein R1 is a linear alkenyl group containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a methyl group, and R2 is a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, with the proviso that component A has a boiling point or boiling point range within the temperature range of from 90 to 200° C., and at least one additional selected component.

Abstract: A fuel composition useful for operating a jet engine or a diesel engine containing a petroleum derived kerosene fuel and a Fischer-Tropsch derived kerosene fuel is provided. The Fischer-Tropsch derived kerosene fuel contains normal and iso-paraffins in a weight ratio of greater than 1:1 and/or the freeze point of the composition is lower than the freeze points of both of the petroleum derived kerosene fuel and the Fischer-Tropsch derived kerosene fuel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid fuel composition comprising a major portion of a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine and from 0.5 to 25 vol %, based on the liquid fuel composition, of a C1-C5 hydrocarbyl valerate ester composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for decreasing the vapour pressure of a gasoline composition comprising admixing with a gasoline base fuel, from 0.5 to 30 vol. %, based on the overall gasoline composition, of ethyl valerate. The present invention further provides a gasoline composition comprising a gasoline base fuel, from 0.5 to 30 vol. %, based on the overall gasoline composition, of ethyl valerate, and from 0.1 to 10 vol. %, based on the overall gasoline composition, of a C3-4 hydrocarbon component, and a method for controlling the vapour pressure of a gasoline composition comprising admixing with a gasoline base fuel, from 0.5 to 30 vol. %, based on the overall gasoline composition, of ethyl valerate, and from 0.1 to 10 vol. %, based on the overall gasoline composition, of a C3-4 hydrocarbon component.

Abstract: Use of a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component, in a fuel composition, is provided reducing the tendency of the composition to dissolve metals; increasing its thermal stability; reducing the concentration of a metal deactivator, antioxidant or detergent additive in the composition; or increasing the storage stability of the composition. The composition is preferably a diesel fuel composition.

Abstract: A fuel composition is provided containing (i) a base fuel, (ii) a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and (iii) an oxygenate. The components (ii) and (iii) can be used in a tertiary fuel blend with a base fuel (i) for the purpose of achieving for the composition (a) a neutral or close to neutral effect on elastomeric components compared to that of the base fuel, and/or (b) a neutral or better emissions performance (in particular with respect to NOx and/or particulate emissions) compared to that of the base fuel, preferably in addition to a neutral or close to neutral density for the composition with respect to that of the base fuel.

Abstract: A fuel composition containing a gas oil base fuel and a C4-8 alkyl levulinate. The alkyl levulinate is selected for the purpose of ensuring a phase separation temperature of said fuel composition below a predetermined level.

Abstract: A fuel composition useful for operating a jet engine or a diesel engine containing a petroleum derived kerosene fuel and a Fischer-Tropsch derived kerosene fuel is provided. The Fischer-Tropsch derived kerosene fuel contains normal and iso-paraffins in a weight ratio of greater than 1:1 and/or the freeze point of the composition is lower than the freeze points of both of the petroleum derived kerosene fuel and the Fischer-Tropsch derived kerosene fuel.

Abstract: A gasoline composition is provided containing a major amount of a gasoline suitable for use in a spark-ignition engine, 1 to 15% v of ethyl levulinate, and 20 to 2000 ppmw of a nitrogen-containing detergent containing a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight in the range 750 to 6000.

Abstract: This invention relates to the continuous daily computerized updating (increasing or decreasing, as the case may be) of all nonmonetary values in an accounting practice to continuously maintain all such values at constant real economic value over time when accounting an economic entity's economic activity in order to prevent Historical Cost Accounting inflation [the destruction of real economic value in nonmonetary values not updated (increased) over time in a cash inflationary economy], Historical Cost Accounting hyperinflation [the hyperdestruction of real economic value in nonmonetary values not updated (hyperincreased) over time in a cash hyperinflationary economy] and Historical Cost Accounting deflation [the creation of real economic value in nonmonetary values not updated (decreased) over time in a cash deflationary economy], as applicable, in all accounted nonmonetary values for an unlimited period of time.

Abstract: This invention is a method and system with steps for the entering of economic values as either nonmonetary or monetary values in electronic format in all computer files and electronic display formats always together with value dates and then for continuously real valuing (updating) (i) dated nonmonetary values to maintain them at constant real economic values over time and (ii) dated monetary values only to indicate the latters' real values in the past at the current rate when this is required, whenever the program accesses them in any way including visual or voice methods and displaying them on any electronic computer or any other electronic device in any form and way including in the form of charts and graphs and when they are printed in a hardcover format or when they are made available in any way including, but not limited to, on a computer screen, a TV screen, mobile phone, computer tablet, PDA or computer sound system.

Abstract: A fuel composition is provided containing (i) a base fuel, (ii) a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and (iii) an oxygenate. The components (ii) and (iii) can be used in a tertiary fuel blend with a base fuel (i) for the purpose of achieving for the composition (a) a neutral or close to neutral effect on elastomeric components compared to that of the base fuel, and/or (b) a neutral or better emissions performance (in particular with respect to NOx and/or particulate emissions) compared to that of the base fuel, preferably in addition to a neutral or close to neutral density for the composition with respect to that of the base fuel.