Abstract: Techniques for improving switching properties of phase change memory devices by boron surface passivation of the phase change memory material are provided. In one aspect, a phase change memory device includes: one or more phase change memory cells, each having a phase change material between a bottom electrode and a top electrode; and a boron-containing and nitrogen-containing bilayer on sidewalls of the phase change material to protect the phase change material from exposure to oxygen. An ovonic threshold switch can be implemented between the bottom electrode and the top electrode, in series with the phase change material. A method of fabricating the present phase change memory devices is also provided.

Abstract: A food-processing system having a metering pump for filling a casing with food material, a linker for forming links in the filled casing and depositing a linked strand on a conveyor, and a plurality of servo motors arranged to drive each of a plurality of driven components of the processing system. The food-processing system being implemented according to a two-step ramp-up method that enables increased control of a first end and a second end of the linked strand using a first speed, and enables faster processing of the linked strand between the ends at a second speed higher than the first speed.

Abstract: The invention utilizes a computer apparatus to automatically track and monitor the activities of role players in the investment process analyzing and detecting anomalies, variances and transgressions. The system automatically generates immediate E-mail or SMS alerts in certain instances or generates displays or reports quantifying costs or benefits of transactions, at predetermined intervals. These reports will contain relative performance measurement of asset management service providers, brokers or other investment entities with respect to compliance with regulations, a set of behavioral mandates and any other benchmark or parameter as requested by the client.