Abstract: A brewing module for preparing a brewed drink from a portion capsule, includes a first brewing module part and a second brewing module part, which is movable relative to a housing between a first brewing module part position and a second brewing module part position. An operating element is able to be brought manually from a first into a second operating element position, from which a movement is transmitted via a transmission mechanism into a movement of the second brewing module part. The transmission mechanism includes a cam disc that is rotatably mounted on the housing by the operating element wherein the second brewing module part is displaceable along a displacement stretch, which is fixed with respect to the housing, from a first brewing module part position into the second brewing module part position by way of the cam disc being rotated by the operating element.

Abstract: A brewing module for preparing a brewed drink from a portion capsule, includes a first brewing module part and a second brewing module part, which is movable relative to the housing between a first brewing module part position and a second brewing module part position, wherein a brewing chamber is formed in the second brewing module part position. Furthermore, an operating element is able to be brought manually from a first into a second operating element position, from which a movement is transmitted via a transmission mechanism into a movement of the second brewing module part. The brewing module further includes a damping device for damping the movement of the second brewing module part. This damping device is designed such that it has non-constant damping characteristics as a function of the position and/or as a function of the movement direction.

Abstract: An actuator includes at least one threaded spindle, at least one switch, at least one actuating element configured to actuate the switch, and at least one housing relative to which the threaded spindle is movable. The actuating element is attached to the housing. The housing may include at least one wall extending circumferentially around the threaded spindle and a first axial end wall and a second axial end wall, and the threaded spindle may pass through the first and second axial end walls. The first axial end wall may overlie the at least one switch, and a first end of the at least one actuating element may be connected to the housing and a second end of the at least one actuating element may extend between the at least one switch and the first axial end wall.

Abstract: An actuator includes a housing, a first nut in the housing, a second nut in the housing, and a threaded spindle screwed into the first nut and the second nut. The first nut exerts a first force in a first direction on the threaded spindle, and the second nut exerts a second force in a second direction on the threaded spindle, the first direction being different than the second direction.

Abstract: A brewing module for preparing a brewed drink from a portion capsule, includes a first brewing module part and a second brewing module part, which is movable relative to a housing between a first brewing module part position and a second brewing module part position. An operating element is able to be brought manually from a first into a second operating element position, from which a movement is transmitted via a transmission mechanism into a movement of the second brewing module part. The transmission mechanism includes a cam disc that is rotatably mounted on the housing by the operating element wherein the second brewing module part is displaceable along a displacement stretch, which is fixed with respect to the housing, from a first brewing module part position into the second brewing module part position by way of the cam disc being rotated by the operating element.

Abstract: A brewing module for preparing a brewed drink from a portion capsule, includes a first brewing module part and a second brewing module part, which is movable relative to the housing between a first brewing module part position and a second brewing module part position, wherein a brewing chamber is formed in the second brewing module part position. Furthermore, an operating element is able to be brought manually from a first into a second operating element position, from which a movement is transmitted via a transmission mechanism into a movement of the second brewing module part. The brewing module further includes a damping device for damping the movement of the second brewing module part. This damping device is designed such that it has non-constant damping characteristics as a function of the position and/or as a function of the movement direction.

Abstract: An actuator includes a housing, a first nut in the housing, a second nut in the housing, and a threaded spindle screwed into the first nut and the second nut. The first nut exerts a first force in a first direction on the threaded spindle, and the second nut exerts a second force in a second direction on the threaded spindle, the first direction being different than the second direction.

Abstract: For operation of a motor vehicle (2) having a propulsion system (4), when a critical operating state (STATE_CRIT) occurs and/or an operating error (ERROR) of the motor vehicle (2) and/or of the propulsion system (4) of the motor vehicle (2) occurs, the critical operating state (STATE_CRIT) and/or the operating error (ERROR) are signalled to a driver of the motor vehicle (2) by a reaction of the propulsion system (4) and/or by a reaction of the motor vehicle (2) which can be perceived by the driver.

Abstract: For the operation of a motor vehicle (2), when a critical (CRIT) operation state (STATE) of the motor vehicle (2) and/or a drive system (4) of the motor vehicle (2) is detected in which an operation error (ERROR) can occur, a driver of the motor vehicle (2) is signaled (SIG) that there is a critical (CRIT) operation state (STATE). When the operation error (ERROR) occurs, the system is switched into a limited operation (LIMIT) of the drive system (4).

Abstract: For operation of a motor vehicle (2) having a propulsion system (4), when a critical operating state (STATE_CRIT) occurs and/or an operating error (ERROR) of the motor vehicle (2) and/or of the propulsion system (4) of the motor vehicle (2) occurs, the critical operating state (STATE_CRIT) and/or the operating error (ERROR) are signalled to a driver of the motor vehicle (2) by reaction of the propulsion system (4) and/or by reaction of the motor vehicle (2) which can be perceived by the driver.

Abstract: For the operation of a motor vehicle (2), when a critical (CRIT) operation state (STATE) of the motor vehicle (2) and/or a drive system (4) of the motor vehicle (2) is detected in which an operation error (ERROR) can occur, a driver of the motor vehicle (2) is signaled (SIG) that there is a critical (CRIT) operation state (STATE). When the operation error (ERROR) occurs, the system is switched into a limited operation (LIMIT) of the drive system (4).

Abstract: In a method for parameter-related driver input gauging in motor vehicles, with the position of a moveable control element being determined, a theoretical maximum value of at least a parameter relevant for the drive system is defined and an actually recallable value of this parameter is determined. A change from a static to a dynamic driver input gauging is carried out below the actually recallable value of the parameter relevant for the drive system. A static gauging is carried out in a lower value range of this parameter such that the maximum displacement of the movable control element is assigned to the theoretical maximum value of the parameter, and if a threshold of the driver input is exceeded in an upper value range, a dynamic gauging is carried out such that the maximum displacement of the moveable control element is assigned to an actually recallable value of the parameter.

Abstract: In a method for parameter-related driver input gaging in motor vehicles, with the position of a moveable control element being determined, a theoretical maximum value of at least a parameter relevant for the drive system is defined and an actually recallable value of this parameter is determined. A change from a static to a dynamic driver input gaging is carried out below the actually recallable value of the parameter relevant for the drive system. A static gaging is carried out in a lower value range of this parameter such that the maximum displacement of the movable control element is assigned to the theoretical maximum value of the parameter, and if a threshold of the driver input is exceeded in an upper value range, a dynamic gaging is carried out such that the maximum displacement of the moveable control element is assigned to an actually recallable value of the parameter.

Abstract: A method for determining the driver torque setpoint uses inputs from a drive pedal sensor, which senses the pedal position of a drive pedal. Depending on at least one switching parameter, different modes of calculation are activated, thus enabling the pedal position to be assigned to the driver torque setpoint. After the switchover from an old mode of calculation to a new mode of calculation, the driver torque setpoint is progressively adjusted, starting from the driver torque setpoint under an old interpretation of the pedal position, corresponding to the old set of characteristics, towards the driver torque setpoint under a new interpretation of the pedal position, corresponding to the new set of characteristics, and specifically in dependence on the time graph of the pedal position and simultaneously as a function of time, disregarding the time graph of the pedal position.

Abstract: With a method for converting a fuel quantity (MF) into a torque (TQ) in an internal combustion engine, the efficiency (H) of the internal combustion engine is determined at the current operating point prior to the conversion as the ratio of actual torque (TQ) and actual fuel quantity (MF), and the required torque (MF) is determined from the efficiency (H) and the fuel quantity (MF).

Abstract: A method for determining the driver torque setpoint uses inputs from a drive pedal sensor, which senses the pedal position of a drive pedal. Depending on at least one switching parameter, different modes of calculation are activated, thus enabling the pedal position to be assigned to the driver torque setpoint. After the switchover from an old mode of calculation to a new mode of calculation, the driver torque setpoint is progressively adjusted, starting from the driver torque setpoint under an old interpretation of the pedal position, corresponding to the old set of characteristics, towards the driver torque setpoint under a new interpretation of the pedal position, corresponding to the new set of characteristics, and specifically in dependence on the time graph of the pedal position and simultaneously as a function of time, disregarding the time graph of the pedal position.

Abstract: With a method for converting a fuel quantity (MF) into a torque (TQ) in an internal combustion engine, the efficiency (H) of the internal combustion engine is determined at the current operating point prior to the conversion as the ratio of actual torque (TQ) and actual fuel quantity (MF), and the required torque (MF) is determined from the efficiency (H) and the fuel quantity (MF).

Abstract: To reduce the hardening distortion during the case hardening of large toothed rims or gear wheels formed of steel the toothed rim or the like during cooling thereof, starting from the hardening temperature, is shrunk during the .gamma./.alpha. transformation of its core material upon a support body member, and then there is limited, during the further cooling to room temperature, the increase of the stresses in the toothed rim in that the support body member is inserted into the toothed rim in a pre-heated condition. The material of the support body member has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than that of the toothed rim.