Abstract: In the process for burning combustibles, in particular garbage and refuse, on a furnace grate, the combustion regulation on the furnace grate is carried out in such a way that the ash developing at the end of the furnace grate has a temperature lying just below the melting point of the ash. The combustion regulation is preferably monitored by an infrared camera and influenced appropriately. In order to achieve the desired temperature, the combustion air is advantageously mixed with oxygen and/or preheated.

Abstract: The arrangement for treating combustion residues of a combustion installation comprises an ash discharger into which opens a fall shaft, into which the solid combustion residues fall from a furnace grate. The ash is conveyed from the ash discharger into the discharge shaft via a diagonally ascending push-out chute by a push-out ram whose operating rate is so adjusted that the ash is piled up in the fall shaft in a tower formation reaching above the liquid level. Fresh water or a chemical is introduced into the discharge shaft via an inlet. The ash discharger water present in the ash discharger and charged with fine particles is drained into a hermetically sealed settling tank via a draw-off duct. Ash discharger water, with which a chemical can be mixed via another line, is fed from the upper region of the settling tank by a pump via a return line to spray nozzles which are arranged in the upper region of the fall shaft.

Abstract: To carry out a process for regulating individual factors or all factors influencing combustion on a furnace grate, a radar device is provided primarily. This radar device serves to detect the three-dimensional distribution of the fuel mass on at least one preferred region of the grate. In addition, an infrared camera is provided for supplying information on the burn-up behavior of the fuel located on the grate. By using the measured quantities obtained from these two devices, control variables may be derived within a regulating unit for influencing the grate speed, the charging device, the amount and composition of supplied primary air, the amount and composition of supplied secondary air, the speed of the ash roller and the temperature of the air preheating device so that the furnace performance can be adapted to the steam output requirement.

Abstract: In a process that is used to regulate the quantity of a processing medium at is used to reduce the nitrogen monoxide content in the exhaust gases generated by combustion processes, in which the quantity that is used is regulated as a function of the nitrogen monoxide content, a processing medium blow-by nominal value (8) that is changed as a function of the nitrogen monoxide content value (3) measured in the exhaust gas (2) is used in addition to a pre-set nitrogen monoxide nominal value (7) .

Abstract: A method for introducing and metering a liquid treatment medium into the waste gas flow in combustion processes where the liquid treatment is metered and injected into a mixing chamber, under pressure. In addition, a carrier medium, also under pressure, is metered and injected into the same mixing chamber. This mixture is then sprayed, as a result of a pressure difference, from the mixing chamber, through a nozzle achieving atomization, and into the flue serving as an exhaust for the waste gas flow.

Abstract: The secondary air nozzle for furnaces has a curved base body which is provided with pins for holding a ceramic protective casing. A protective strip which projects radially from the base body is arranged along the longest line of curvature proceeding from the nozzle opening until beyond the curved part, its radial dimension corresponding at least to the thickness of the ceramic protective casing. The protective strip is constructed as a rib which projects radially from the base body and is outfitted with pins for supporting the ceramic body.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for extracting water from ash that has been quenched in water bath of an ash discharger and which is expelled from the water bath by means of a discharge ram through a discharge chute includes an improvement wherein the discharge chute of the ash discharger is caused to vibrate. The vibration is provided by a vibration generator, particularly of the unbalanced type.

Abstract: The method for introducing a treatment medium into the waste gas flow in combustion processes provides that a carrier medium be mixed with a treatment medium, wherein these media are brought to a pressure level necessary for the atomization in a one-component nozzle prior to mixing. The quantitative proportion of treatment medium to carrier medium, which is adjustable as desired, is adjusted as a function of the NO.sub.x gas concentration in the treated gas flow or as a function of the waste gas quantity. The atomization pressure is either predetermined as a fixed value corresponding to the nozzle configuration or adjusted as a function of the waste gas quantity. The atomization pressure can also possibly be regulated as a function of the evaporator load. Water serves as carrier medium, while ammonia, sal ammoniac, urea or calcium cyanamide is used as treatment medium.

Abstract: The procedure for supplying combustion air during grate firings, in which the primary combustion air is introduced into the fuel, and secondary combustion air is introduced directly into the flow of exhaust gas, and in which, in addition, some of the exhaust gas is tapped off from the flow of exhaust gas and returned to the combustion process, includes the withdrawal of exhaust gas directly above the fuel in the area where there is a large quantity of unused primary air, and the delivery of this exhaust gas that has been tapped off to the combustion air, the quantity of which is reduced according to the quantity of exhaust gas that is mixed with it.

Abstract: In order to recover or dispose of ammonia or ammonia compounds from mixtures of dust that occur during combustion processes, during subsequent gas cooling, or during subsequent gas scrubbing, the dust that is created is mixed in batches with water in a closed system at a temperature that is lower or equal to the temperature at which the dust leaves the combustion, cooling or scrubbing process, and the resulting vapors are drawn off in a vacuum.

Abstract: The secondary air jets (11) that are arranged within the combustion space (5) consist of an outer casing (12), an inner casing (13), and a flange (14) that connects the two casings to each other, the flange (14) crossing the inner casing (13) and being rigidly connected with this, whereas the outer casing (12) is so connected to the flange that is of greater diameter than the outer casing (12) that slot-type jets (15) are left between the face side of the outer casing (12) and the flange (14), these jets making it possible to expel air parallel to the defining wall and essentially perpendicular to the axis of the jets.

Abstract: The method for reducing the nitric oxide concentration in the waste gas flow of combustion processes consists of the introduction of chemicals, e.g. ammonia, sal ammoniac, urea, calcium cyanamide, into the waste gas flow, wherein the waste gas flow is marked by an additional compulsorily produced strong turbulence and the waste gas flow is compressed prior to this turbulence zone. The introduction of the treatment medium is effected shortly before the turbulence zone and the waste gas flow is relaxed and calmed subsequent to the turbulence zone. In order to implement this method, a furnace is provided which comprises a grate and a waste gas flue consisting of an ascending waste gas flue and a descending waste gas flue adjoining the latter. The current flow of the waste gas flow is substantially S-shaped proceeding from the furnace grate to the downwardly directed waste gas flue, wherein the change of direction in the lower area is substantially smoother than in the reversing space.

Abstract: A feed device comprises a filling hopper, a feed chute and a plurality of feeding pistons arranged adjacent to one another on a feed table, each feeding piston carrying at least one retaining and compression body in the area of its front end. The retaining and compression bodies can be constructed as flat or cubic bodies, wherein the surface configuration can be shaped in the manner of a rectangle, triangle, arc, trapezoid, pyramid or cone frustum.

Abstract: The method for regulating the furnace output in incineration plants, particularly waste incineration plants, in which the O.sub.2 moist content measured in the flue gas is used as an overriding reference value regulating variable for regulating the combustible material feed and the measured steam mass flow is used as a subordinate reference value regulating variable (10) for regulating the primary air supply, provides, according to a first variant, that the preselected O.sub.2 moist reference value (7) is changed as a function of the furnace temperature (6) measured in the flue gas. This changed regulating variable (9) is fed to a regulator (13l ) which influences the combustible material feed and/or the grate drive.

Abstract: For the purpose of regulating the furnace output of incineration plants with a combustion grate, the primary air supply is variously regulated by zones along the length of the grate as well as in the transverse direction of the combustion grate. A monitoring device in the form of a video camera, which monitors the different burning behavior in the individual combustion zones, serves this purpose. In so doing, the recorded picture which is displayed on a monitor is resolved into individual picture lines and picture points by means of a freely programmable computer and the digital values obtained in this way, which represent a measurement for the combustion temperature, the flame radiation or the brightness on the respective combustion zone, are compared with preselected standard values. During a deviation, a corresponding regulation is carried out via a regulator, wherein regulating flaps in the air supply pipes, which guide the combustion air to the individual combustion zones, are adjusted for this purose.

Abstract: A grate bar has an elongated top wall, two longitudinally extending sidewalls, transversely extending front and rear walls, a bottom wall, and several longitudinally extending ribs at the underside of the top wall. The walls define an air heating chamber which receives fresh air from a first opening below the rar wall and discharges heated air by way of a second opening which is provided in one of the sidewalls close to the front wall. The ribs divide the chamber into several elongated channels and a compartment which is located immediately behind the front wall and communicates with the channels as well as with the second opening. At least one of the ribs which are nearest to the one sidewall is spaced apart from the bottom wall so that the channels which flank such rib can communicate with one another along the upper side of the bottom wall.