Abstract: A process for preparing a slurry of edible oil and fat powder, and to a process of preparing an edible fat-continuous spread out of such. The process for preparing said slurry has at least two different regimes of reduced pressure.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for improved liquefaction of a lignocellulosic biomass. The methods include reacting a lignocellulosic biomass slurry at mild conditions for a short period to produce a first reaction mixture having a reduced viscosity as compared to the lignocellulosic biomass slurry and that is substantially free of levulinic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural. The methods further include separating the first reaction mixture into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, the solid fraction having a majority of lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass slurry and the liquid fraction having a majority of hemicellulose and greater than about 30% by weight of cellulose from the lignocellulosic biomass slurry. The method advantageously prevents or eliminates the formation of tar and/or char.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for improved liquefaction of a lignocellulosic biomass. The methods include reacting a lignocellulosic biomass slurry at mild conditions for a short period to produce a first reaction mixture having a reduced viscosity as compared to the lignocellulosic biomass slurry and that is substantially free of levulinic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural. The methods further include separating the first reaction mixture into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, the solid fraction having a majority of lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass slurry and the liquid fraction having a majority of hemicellulose and greater than about 30% by weight of cellulose from the lignocellulosic biomass slurry. The method advantageously prevents or eliminates the formation of tar and/or char.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a spreadable edible emulsion, the emulsion comprising oil, water and a micronized fat powder, wherein during processing the oil with the fat powder with a minor amount of water is stored for a period of from 8 hours to 7 days prior to further processing.

Abstract: A process for preparing a slurry of edible oil and fat powder, and to a process of preparing an edible fat-continuous spread out of such. The process for preparing said slurry has at least two different regimes of reduced pressure.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing a spreadable edible emulsion, the emulsion comprising oil, water and a micronised fat powder, wherein during processing the oil with the fat powder with a minor amount of water is stored for a period of from 8 hours to 7 days prior to further processing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photodiode including a photo-active layer, which layer includes at least one electron donating material, and at least one fullerene derivative as an electron accepting material. The present invention further relates to a method for making such a photodiode, to a photo-active layer and to a fullerene derivative.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a phenol by oxidative decarboxylation of benzoic acid in the presence of a copper-containing catalyst, wherein accumulation of tar components in the reactor is avoided by continuously removing a portion of the reaction mixture from the reactor and subjecting the removed portion to an extraction by contacting the removed portion with water and an auxiliary liquid, which auxiliary liquid is not miscible with water, wherein after extraction an aqueous liquid is obtained with benzoic acid and copper salts and an inorganic solution with tar components, wherein the aqueous solution is recycled to the reactor, the extraction being performed with 0.2 to 14 volume parts of auxiliary liquid per volume part of removed reaction mixture and with 0.