Abstract: In a process and apparatus for the production of gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid fuel in a fluidized bed, the solid particles contained in the product gas are separated off in a cyclone separator and recycled to the fluidized bed by way of a recycling conduit. The recycling conduit is provided with injection nozzles for introducing gas flows into the recycling conduit in a pulse-like manner in order to loosen up the particles therein. The gas flows may be introduced into the recycling conduit in displaced relationship in respect of time in such a way that, of two adjacent injection locations, gas is injected through the injection location which is arranged at a greater spacing from the reactor at a later time than at the injector location which is closer to the reactor.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for the production of gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid fuel in a fluidized bed, the solid particles contained in the product gas are separated off in a cyclone separator and recycled to the fluidized bed by way of a recycling conduit. The recycling conduit is provided with injection nozzles for introducing gas flows into the recycling conduit in a pulse-like manner in order to loosen up the particles therein. The gas flows may be introduced into the recycling conduit in displaced relationship in respect of time in such a way that, of two adjacent injection locations, gas is injected through the injection location which is arranged at a greater spacing from the reactor at a later time than at the injection location which is closer to the reactor.

Abstract: In a process for the gasification of carbonaceous substances, exothermic and endothermic gasification agents are injected into the reaction area through at least one nozzle comprising at least two coaxial pipes, the outer pipe terminating short of the end of the inner pipe, at a distance such that the end face of the outer pipe is in a region of the pressurized interior of the reactor, in which the temperature is below the melting point of the ash of the solid particles to be gasified. The speed of flow of the endothermic agent out of the annular gap between the pipes is substantially higher than the speed of flow of the exothermic agent out of the inner pipe and the flow of endothermic gasification agent tends to be constricted around the flow from the inner pipe. The outer edge of the inner pipe is a sharp, right-angled edge so that in the region thereof eddies are formed which protect the region from the penetration of particles of ash therein.

Abstract: A probe device comprises a two-channel capacitive measuring sensor together with two further single-channel capacitive measuring sensors so disposed that the tips of the sensors are disposed in a common horizontal plane, the sensors being operable to detect the position and speed of movement of an interface between first and second phases in a system made up of at least two phases, such as a gas-solids fluidized bed. The data obtained when the probe is contacted by a gas bubble in the fluidized bed serve as the basis for them ascertaining the condition of and thus the reaction procedure taking place in the bed.

Abstract: In a dip-type cooler for cooling and washing flowing dust-laden hot gas, having a venturi passage which opens in a container with washing fluid therein, the edge of a feed pipe for feed of gas into the cooler, the edge of a protective tube surrounding the feed pipe and the upper edge of the venturi passage, are of such a configuration and arrangement that the diameter of the protective tube is between the diameter of the feed pipe and that of the intake of the venturi passage and the lower boundary edge of the protective tube terminates beneath the lower edge of the feed pipe and beneath the upper edge of the venturi passage, whereby wetting fluid and dust in the gas come into contact with each other in a region spaced from wall surfaces within the cooler, to avoid the formation of caked-on deposits within the cooler.

Abstract: The invention relates to a venturi scrubber for dust-laden gases, includes an intake portion (1) whose duct (8) through which the gas flows progressively reduces in size in the direction of flow (5, 6), and a ring duct (13) for a fluid, which is disposed at the largest-diameter end (12) of the intake portion (1) and which is connected over its entire periphery to the duct (13) of the intake portion (1), through which the gas flows, wherein at least one feed conduit (17) for the fluid opens substantially tangentially into the ring duct (13). The duct (13) which is under an increased pressure is connected by way of a through-flow gap (27) to the duct (8) of the intake portion (1), through which the gas flows. The flow gap (27) is so formed and arranged that the fluid issues substantially parallel to the adjoining region of the wall (7) of the duct (8), along said wall.