Abstract: A mirror replacement system (12) for a motor vehicle (10) is described, having at least one processor unit (28), an optical sensor unit (14) which generates image and/or video data of the environment of the motor vehicle (10), and a screen (38) which is arranged so as to display at least part of the generated image and/or video data. The mirror replacement system (12) comprises a viewing direction sensor (30) which is arranged so as to determine the viewing direction of the vehicle driver (36) on the screen (38) or the position of the head of the vehicle driver (36). The processor unit (28) is arranged so as to adapt the image and/or video data to be displayed on the screen (38) based on the detected viewing direction or position of the head so that the image and/or video data displayed on the screen (38) are adapted to the position of the head or to the viewing direction of the vehicle driver (36). A method of displaying image and/or video data is furthermore described.

Abstract: In a method for water treatment by chlorine disinfection, a chlorine stabilizer is dosed into water to be treated as far as a predetermined chlorine stabilizer concentration in said water is achieved. As soon as the predetermined chlorine stabilizer concentration is achieved said achieved chlorine stabilizer concentration is maintained in said water constant. A chlorine disinfectant concentration is adjusted in said water to be treated to a predetermined chlorine disinfectant concentration in said water by dosing a non-stabilized chlorine disinfectant (free chlorine) into said water to be treated. Therefore advantages of free chlorine and stabilized chlorine disinfection and facilitating to reduce DBPs at low chlorine stabilizer concentrations in water can be combined, without compromising disinfection safety.

Abstract: An apparatus, a control unit and a method are provided for detecting a concentration of chlorate-ions in an aqueous solution containing different types of chlorine oxidants. By applying energy to a defined volume of the aqueous solution to trigger a transformation of substantially all chlorine oxidants and/or chlorine therein to chloride and/or chlorate, and detecting the concentration of chlorate-ions contained in the defined volume, a solution can be provided that enables a simple and cheap measurement for a concentration of chlorate ions in an aqueous solution and that is capable for online measurement of such chlorate concentrations.

Abstract: An apparatus, a control unit and a method are provided for detecting a concentration of chlorate-ions in an aqueous solution containing different types of chlorine oxidants. By applying energy to a defined volume of the aqueous solution to trigger a transformation of substantially all chlorine oxidants and/or chlorine therein to chloride and/or chlorate, and detecting the concentration of chlorate-ions contained in the defined volume, a solution can be provided that enables a simple and cheap measurement for a concentration of chlorate ions in an aqueous solution and that is capable for online measurement of such chlorate concentrations.

Abstract: To be able to produce metal melts using any metal carriers incurring in metallurgical practice as the charging materials, namely in the most diverse quantitative compositions, a plant for producing metal melts is provided with the following characteristic features: an electric arc furnace vessel (1) provided with one charging opening (11, 21) for a metal melt and/or scrap and/or direct reduced metal, in particular direct reduced iron, and/or ore and at least one electrode (16) and one slag tapping means (22), an oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) provided with one melt tapping means (41), wherein the oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) and the electric arc furnace vessel (1) form a unit which is connected via an overflow weir (34) and which is rigidly mounted on the foundation and, wherein the bath surface related specifically to the bath volume is smaller in the oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) than in the electric arc furnace vessel (1) and the oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) shares a common re

Abstract: To be able to produce metal melts using any metal carriers incurring in metallurgical practice as the charging materials, namely in the most diverse quantitative compositions, a plant for producing metal melts is provided with the following characteristic features:

Abstract: To be able to produce metal melts using any metal carriers incurring in metallurgical practice as the charging materials, namely in the most diverse quantitative compositions, a plant for producing metal melts is provided with the following characteristic features: an electric arc furnace vessel (1) provided with one charging opening (11, 21) for a metal melt and/or scrap and/or direct reduced metal, in particular direct reduced iron, and/or ore and at least one electrode (16) and one slag tapping means (22), an oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) provided with one melt tapping means (41), wherein the oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) and the electric arc furnace vessel (1) form a unit which is connected via an overflow weir (34) and which is rigidly mounted on the foundation and, wherein the bath surface related specifically to the bath volume is smaller in the oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) than in the electric arc furnace vessel (1) and the oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) shares a common re

Abstract: A process for burning fuel which is formed of free hydrocarbons and/or fine-grained to dusty solid fuels, with a view to obtaining thorough mixing of the oxygen with the fuel in a manner as free of turbulences as possible, is characterized in that, into a main jet of oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas which is approximately cylindrical or slightly conically widening in the jet direction, several fuel jets oriented in a skew manner relative to the central longitudinal axis of the main jet are blown, which fuel jets are formed to surround the main jet peripherally, penetrate into the main jet and are sucked into the main jet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for operating a guided vertical mold, especially for the continuous casting of a steel billet, which is oscillated by a lifting device. According to the invention, the driving force (F), the lift position (x) and/or the lifting speed (v) of the mold are detected by measurement technology, and a mold lifting movement is preset in a computer model as a target variable. Finally, a difference of the mold lifting movement, representing the measure of frictional force between the billet and the mold, is fed as a control variable to actuators by means of a circuit arrangement.

Abstract: A scrap-melting electric arc furnace operating at an elevated melting power having a simple construction that also avoids thermal loads of the side wall caused by the electrodes. The electrodes are protected from damage during scrap-charging. The electric arc furnace includes a bottom for receiving a melt. An upper part rises from the bottom part and has side walls. A lid covers the upper part. A charging shaft is disposed approximately centrically relative to the upper part, and has a diameter that is substantially smaller than the diameter of the upper part. The charging shaft interior communicates with the furnace interior via an opening in the lid. Electrodes arranged approximately radially symmetrically are directed obliquely into the furnace interior and project toward the center of the electric arc furnace.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electric arc furnace for the production of steel by melting scrap, in particular iron scrap, and/or sponge iron and/or pig iron as well as fluxes in a furnace vessel, into which at least one graphite electrode projects, which is displaceable in its longitudinal direction, wherein an electric arc is ignited between the graphite electrode and the charging stock. To achieve a particularly high energy input, the graphite electrode projects into a lower part of the furnace vessel from aside and the lower part, in the region of the graphite electrode, has an enlargement radially protruding outwardly relative to the upper part.

Abstract: A bottom anode for a metallurgical vessel destined for producing a metal melt is formed by a metal bar provided with at least one through recess extending from outside of the metallurgical vessel as far as to within the metallurgical vessel. In order to substantially increase the service life of such a bottom anode, conforming it to that of a lining made of refractory material, the bottom anode, on the vessel internal-side end of the metal bar, is provided with a nose formed of metal melt produced within the vessel. The nose incorporates channels departing from the vessel internal-side end of the through recess of the metal bar, which is connected to a supply duct introducing liquid and/or solid hydrocarbons, and at least some of the channels reaching as far as the surface of the nose.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electric arc furnace for the production of steel by melting scrap, in particular iron scrap, and/or sponge iron and/or pig iron as well as fluxes in a furnace vessel, into which at least one graphite electrode projects, which is displaceable in its longitudinal direction, wherein an electric arc is ignited between the graphite electrode and the charging stock. To achieve a particularly high energy input, the graphite electrode projects into a lower part of the furnace vessel from aside and the lower part, in the region of the graphite electrode, has an enlargement radially protruding outwardly relative to the upper part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for blowing oxidizing gases into molten metal located in a reaction vessel having tuyeres below the metal bath surface, whereby the oxidizing gases are blown into the molten metal from these tuyeres and fed to the tuyeres at an inlet pressure between 85 bars and 170 bars.

Abstract: In a method of producing metal melts, in particular a steel melt from scrap, in an electric arc furnace having at least one graphite electrode, organic substances are charged into the electric arc through a central longitudinal recess of the graphite electrode so as to reduce electrode consumption.

Abstract: In a process for the production of a metal melt in a metallurgical vessel, the filter dusts incurring in producing the metal melt are to be processed to charging substances without causing a load on the environment and without great expenditures.This is achieved in that the filter dusts are introduced into the metallurgical vessel by aid of a gaseous conveying medium composed of natural gas or a mixed gas primarily containing natural gas, the filter dusts being supplied to the metallurgical vessel in a closed system and reduced by the carrier gas.

Abstract: In a method of disposing of organic and inorganic substances, the substances are gasified and decomposed in and/or above a liquid bath of a metal alloy under negative pressure, off-gases forming are seized, collected and purified and separated.To prevent the formation of health-endangering emissions, such as dioxins and furans, and to recover pure starting materials for the production of organic substances, the substances are charged under negative pressure into an induction furnace containing a melt (18) of an iron alloy, in particular a steel melt, and are decomposed in the latter at liquid steel temperature, whereby the entry of gaseous O.sub.2 is avoided.This is also the case at the production of steel from scrap interspersed with organic substances.

Abstract: A plant for the production of molten metals, includes a melting vessel and a metallurgical vessel receiving the melt from the melting vessel for aftertreating the melt and closed by a lid. The melting vessel has a tap opening for the melt provided on the bottom level of the melting vessel and located on the periphery of the melting vessel. The tap opening is positioned above a pour-in opening of the metallurgical vessel. In order to ensure a continuous melting procedure, the pour-in opening of the metallurgical vessel following the melting vessel is provided above a melt guiding chute arranged within the metallurgical vessel.

Abstract: There are disclosed a method and an arrangement for preventing the agglomeration of crusts in a lance opening passing a wall of a metallurgical vessel and provided for a lance carrying a measuring and/or sampling probe. During the metallurgical process proceeding within the metallurgical vessel and during the taking of a measurement and/or sample by means of a lance introduced into the metallurgical vessel through the lance opening, a gas that is inert relative to a melt bath contained in the metallurgical vessel, or air, is injected into the lance opening from outside, which gas produces a gas veil at the mouth of the lance opening facing the melt bath.

Abstract: A refractory channel connection apparatus transfers molten metal from a metallurgical vessel into a mold of a continuous casting machine formed by a peripheral groove and a casting wheel and a band covering the open side of the groove. The channel connection apparatus includes a refractory pouring tube having an inlet end connected to the discharge nozzle of the metallurgical vessel, an outlet end and a molten metal passage extending from the inlet end to the outlet end. A refractory nozzle extension is provided at the outlet end of the pouring tube, the nozzle extension having therethrough a flow through passage communicating with the passage of the pouring tube, an outer profile dimensioned to extend tangentially into the mold and to define therewith a gas seal slot, and a lower end extending into the mold to a level above the upper level of metal cast therein.