Abstract: The invention pertains to a process for the production of monochloroacetic acid from chlorine and acetic acid in the presence of a catalyst by reactive distillation. The process and the required reactive distillation apparatus is much less complex than conventional reactors and yields a monochloroacetic acid product having a low content of over-chlorinated products.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring the carbon dioxide content in beer, in which a beer sample is separated in a vessel and there being created above the beer in the vessel a carbon dioxide atmosphere the pressure of which is measured. A temperature-responsive element is introduced in the beer of which the electric properties similarly vary with the temperature as the Henry constant. An electric signal proportional to the measured pressure is applied to an electric circuit arrangement of which the transfer function depends on the electric properties of the temperature-responsive element. The output signal of the electric circuit arrangement functions as measure for the carbon dioxide content.