Abstract: A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/laser desorption ionization (MALDI/LDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) which includes an ion source employing a ground voltage configuration. The improved MALDI/LDI TOF-MS includes a laser for ablating a sample positioned within a gridless source. The ionized sample is then repelled through a floating flight tube toward a detector and within a vacuum chamber. The floating flight tube allows a lower than conventional voltage to be applied to the ions. A digital camera is provided for viewing a sample when positioned in the vacuum ready for analysis. The sample image is displayed on the control computer monitor and is available for computer analysis and instrumentation control, including external instrumentation such as that involved in sample preparation and handling.

Abstract: A photocatalytic reactor for processing selected reactants from a fluid medium comprising at least one permeable photocatalytic membrane having a photocatalytic material. The material forms an area of chemically active sites when illuminated by light at selected wavelengths. When the fluid medium is passed through the illuminated membrane, the reactants are processed at these sites separating the processed fluid from the unprocessed fluid. A light source is provided and a light transmitting means, including an optical fiber, for transmitting light from the light source to the membrane.