Abstract: A process for recovering a hydrocarbon from a hydrocarbon bearing sand comprising the steps of mixing a chemical additive with a chemical composition and with a hydrocarbon bearing sand containing hydrocarbon and residual solids including clay, at a temperature to form a slurry. The chemical composition comprises an aqueous phase and a minor amount of a chemical agent selected from the group consisting of at least one ethoxylated alkylphenol compound, at least one ethoxylated dialkylphenol compound, MIBC, SC-177, Petronate HL, Clacium Lignosulfonate and mixtures thereof. The slurry is aerated to produce essentially sludge-free tailings and a mixture of hydrocarbon, aqueous phase and residual solids including clay. The process further comprises the step of separating the mixture of the hydrocarbon, the aqueous phase and the residual solids including clay from the essentially sludge-free tailings.

Abstract: A process suitable for operation at a mine site for recovering a hydrocarbon from a hydrocarbon bearing sand comprising the steps of mixing a chemical additive with a chemical composition and with a hydrocarbon bearing sand containing hydrocarbon and residual solids including clay, at a temperature to form a slurry. The chemical composition comprises an aqueous phase and a minor amount of a chemical agent selected from the group consisting of at least one ethoxylated alkylphenol compound, at least one ethoxylated dialkylphenol compound, MIBC, SC-177, Petronate HL, Calcium Lignosulfonate, NaOH and mixtures thereof. The slurry is conditioned and aerated to produce essentially sludge-free tailings and a mixture of hydrocarbon, aqueous phase and residual solids including clay. The process further comprises the step of separating in a short-residence time apparatus the mixture of the hydrocarbon, the aqueous phase and the residual solids including clay from the essentially sludge-free tailings.

Abstract: A process for preparing a water continuous emulsion from heavy crude fraction. A process for preparing a double emulsion.

Abstract: A process for preparing an oil-in-aqueous phase emulsion and removing contaminants from a contaminated hydrocarbon. The process comprises mixing a contaminated hydrocarbon with a reactant and an emulsifying composition. Contaminants are removed from the contaminated hydrocarbon either during the mixing, after the mixing, or during the combustion of the mixture, or after combustion of the mixture such as from combustion flue gases.

Abstract: A process for converting heavy hydrocarbons into lighter hydrocarbons. The process comprises forming an oil-in-aqueous phase emulsion and feeding the formed emulsion into an ultrasonic reactor wherein heavy hydrocarbons are converted into lighter hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for producing bitumen employing a borehole that has been drilled into a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir having a hydrocarbon. A void space is created at the bottom of the borehole. A bundle of spring-loaded guide tubes is inserted through the borehole and into the void space. Each guide tube is enclosed with a smaller diameter flexible tube that is connected to a source of an emulsifying composition comprising an aqueous phase and an emulsifying agent. The emulsifying agent comprises first and a second ethoxylated alkylphenol compounds wherein at least 1% by weight include more than 100 ethoxy groups. The emulsifying composition is released through the flexible tubes to form an oil-in-aqueous phase emulsion in the reservoir. The oil-in-aqueous emulsion is removed from the reservoir.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of low-viscosity improved stable crude oil transport emulsions. The process comprises producing a hydrocarbon crude, and mixing the produced hydrocarbon crude with an emulsifying composition(s) which contains water and is capable of assisting the formation of an oil-in-water emulsion. The amount of the emulsifying composition(s) that is mixed with the produced hydrocarbon crude is sufficient to form an oil-in-water emulsion having water content of from about 10 percent to about 60 percent by weight water and a viscosity sufficiently low for allowing the transport of the formulated oil-in-water emulsion.

Abstract: A process for the production of an oil-in-water emulsion for pipeline transmission. The process comprises producing a hydrocarbon crude, and mixing the produced hydrocarbon crude with an emulsifying composition(s) which contains water and is capable of assisting the formation of an oil-in-water emulsion when the temperature of the mixture of produced hydrocarbon crude and emulsifying composition(s) is from about 100.degree. F. to about 200.degree. F. The amount of the emulsifying composition(s) that is mixed with the produced hydrocarbon crude is sufficient to form an oil-in-water emulsion having water content of from about 15 percent to about 60 percent by weight water and a viscosity sufficiently low for pipeline transmission. The process additionally comprises shearing and mixing the mixture of produced hydrocarbon crude and emulsifying composition(s) when the mixture is at a temperature of from about 100.degree. F. to about 200.degree. F. to form an oil-in-water emulsion.

Abstract: A process for recovering oil from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir having a hydrocarbon and penetrated by a wellbore. The process comprises injecting through the wellbore and into the subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir an emulsifying composition containing an aqueous phase and a minor amount of an emulsifying agent such that the emulsifying composition contacts at least a portion of the hydrocarbon to form an oil-in-aqueous phase emulsion within the subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir.

Abstract: A process for the production of an oil-in-water emulsion for pipeline transmission. The process comprises producing a hydrocarbon crude, and mixing the produced hydrocarbon crude with an emulsifying composition(s) which contains water and is capable of assisting the formation of an oil-in-water emulsion when the temperature of the mixture of produced hydrocarbon crude and emulsifying composition(s) is from about 100.degree. F. to about 200.degree. F. The amount of the emulsifying composition(s) that is mixed with the produced hydrocarbon crude is sufficient to form an oil-in-water emulsion having water content of from about 15 percent to about 60 percent by weight water and a viscosity sufficiently low for pipeline transmission. The process additionally comprises shearing and mixing the mixture of produced hydrocarbon crude and emulsifying composition(s) when the mixture is at a temperature of from about 100.degree. F. to about 200.degree. F. to form an oil-in-water emulsion.

Abstract: Oxygen and steam are mixed with partially reacted carbonaceous material within a first stage gasification zone to produce synthesis gas. The hot synthesis gas long with additional carbonaceous material is then reacted in a second stage hydropyrolysis zone. The reaction mixture is rapidly quenched and removed from the second stage thereby limiting the total second stage high temperature exposure time from about two milliseconds to about two seconds. The resultant products comprise char, gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons including high yields of benzene, toluene and xylene, and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 gases. The first and second stages may consist of two separate reactors or two reactors integrated into a single vessel, each utilizing either an upflow or downflow configuration.

Abstract: Petroleum coke is processed to reduce the sulfur content. Ground coke is contacted with hot hydrogen, under pressurized conditions, for a residence time of about 2 to 60 seconds. The desulfurized coke is suitable for metallurgical or electrode uses.