Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for additive manufacturing are described. A method for additive manufacturing may include exposing a layer of material on a build surface to one or more projections of laser energy including at least one line laser having a substantially linear shape. The intensity of the line laser may be modulated so as to cause fusion of the layer of material according to a desired pattern as the one or more projections of laser energy are scanned across the build surface.

Abstract: A soot sensing system includes a soot sensor having a first element, and circuitry to an amount of soot accumulated on the element and to control heating of the element in response to the soot accumulation. An electrostatic repelling voltage (ERV) may be applied to a sensor/heater element(s) during a contamination prevention mode (CPM) to repel ash and reduce contamination of the sensor. A pulsed heating voltage (PHV) may be applied to the elements during the CPM and a pulsed ERV may be applied to the elements during the “off” period of the PHV. All voltage to the elements may be turned off during the CPM and the elements may be floating/ground. A PHV may be applied to the elements during the CPM and no voltage may be applied to the elements during the “off” period of the PHV. A heating voltage may be applied to the elements during a CPM corresponding to a cold start.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to rheometric fixtures for making rheological measurements of yield stress fluids. In some embodiments, the fixture can be an improvement of a typical vane by having the ability to create a more homogeneous shear profile in a test material, e.g., a yield stress fluid. These vane fixtures having fractal-like cross-sectional structures enable robust rheological measurements of the properties of yield stress fluids due to several outer contact edges that lead to increased kinematic homogeneity at the point of yielding and beyond. The branching structure of the fractal-like fixtures can alter the shape of a wetted perimeter of the fixture while minimizing an area thereof to allow the fixture to be inserted into fluids with less disturbance. In some embodiments, a cup with a ribbed inner surface can be used to hold the sample fluid and disassembles for ease of cleaning following completion of the measurement.

Abstract: A multijunction solar cell in accordance with an example implementation includes a growth substrate; a first solar subcell disposed over or in the growth substrate; a tunnel diode disposed over the first solar subcell; and a grading interlayer directly disposed over the tunnel diode; a sequence of layers of semiconductor material forming a solar cell disposed over the grading interlayer comprising a plurality of solar subcells. The multijunction solar cell also includes a first wafer bowing inhibition layer disposed directly over an uppermost sublayer of the grading interlayer, such bowing inhibition layer having an in-plane lattice constant greater than the in-plane lattice constant of the uppermost sublayer of the grading interlayer. A second wafer bowing inhibition layer is disposed directly over the first wafer bowing inhibition layer.

Abstract: The devices, systems, and methods of the present disclosure are directed to powder spreading and binder distribution techniques for consistent and rapid layer-by-layer fabrication of three-dimensional objects formed through binder jetting. For example, a powder may be spread to form a layer along a volume defined by a powder box, a binder may be deposited along the layer to form a layer of a three-dimensional object, and the direction of spreading the layer and depositing the binder may be in a first direction and in a second direction, different from the first direction, thus facilitating rapid formation of the three-dimensional object with each passage of the print carriage over the volume. Powder delivery, powder spreading, thermal energy delivery, and combinations thereof, may facilitate consistently achieving quality standards as the rate of fabrication of the three-dimensional object is increased.

Abstract: A multijunction solar cell with a graded interlayer disposed between two adjacent solar subcells, the graded interlayer being compositionally graded to lattice match a first solar subcell on one side, and an adjacent second solar subcell on the other side, the graded interlayer being composed of at least four step layers, a particular step layer having a lattice constant in the range of 0.2 to 1.2% greater than the lattice constant of the adjacent layer on which it is grown, and the subsequent steps layers disposed directly on the particular step layer having a lattice constant in the range of 0.1 to 0.6% greater than the particular layer on which it is grown, and wherein the thickness of the particular step layer is at least twice the thickness of each of the other subsequent step layers.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving operating characteristics of displays such as liquid crystal on silicon displays.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for additive manufacturing are provided that allow for components being manufactured to be assessed during the printing process. As a result, changes to a print plan can be considered, made, and implemented during the printing process. More particularly, in exemplary embodiments, a spectrometer is operated while a component is being printed to measure one or more parameters associated with one or more layers of the component being printed. The measured parameter(s) are then relied upon to determine if any changes are needed to the way printing is occurring, and if such changes are desirable, the system is able to implement such changes during the printing process. By way of non-limiting examples, printed material in one or more layers may be reheated to alter the printed component, such as to remove defects identified by the spectrometer data.

Abstract: A multijunction solar cell including an upper first solar subcell having a first band gap and positioned for receiving an incoming light beam; a second solar subcell disposed below and adjacent to and lattice matched with said upper first solar subcell, and having a second band gap smaller than said first band gap; wherein at least one of the solar cells has a graded band gap throughout its thickness.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for displaying three-dimensional objects by individually diffracting different colors of light are provided. In one aspect, an optical device includes: a first optically diffractive component including a first diffractive structure configured to diffract a first color of light having a first incident angle at a first diffracted angle, a second optically diffractive component including a second diffractive structure configured to diffract a second color of light having a second incident angle at a second diffracted angle, a first reflective layer configured to totally reflect the first color of light having the first incident angle and transmit the second color of light, and a second reflective layer configured to totally reflect the second color of light having the second incident angle. The first reflective layer is between the first and second diffractive structures, and the second diffractive structure is between the first and second reflective layers.

Abstract: An inverted metamorphic multijunction solar cell including an upper first solar subcell, a second solar subcell and a third solar subcell. The upper first solar subcell has a first band gap and positioned for receiving an incoming light beam. The second solar subcell is disposed below and adjacent to, and is lattice matched with, the upper first solar subcell, and has a second band gap smaller than the first band gap. The third solar subcell is disposed below the second solar subcell, and is composed of a GaAs base and emitter layer so as to optimize the efficiency of the solar cell after exposure to radiation. In some implementations, at least one of the solar subcells has a graded band gap throughout its thickness.

Abstract: A novel cutting-edge structure and method and apparatus for manufacturing the cutting-edge structure is provided. The cutting-edge structure is comprised of naturally derived or renewable material at greater than 50% by volume fraction. In one embodiment, the naturally derived material is a cellulose nanostructure such as a cellulose nanocrystal. The cellulose nanocrystal is processed using a base or mold structure to provide a cutting edge of any shape such as linear or circular edge structures. The process includes dual cure steps to produce an optimal cutting-edge structure without shrinkage. The formed cutting-edge structure can be utilized as a razor blade as it is formed with very sharp tip and edge suitable for cutting hair. The base structure can form one or more cutting-edge structures simultaneously.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed relating to proximity detection of devices and targeted information services, such as information campaigns. Disclosed methods provide targeted campaigns to a user, such as targeted campaigns to presentation devices based on proximity of user devices near the information devices. Other methods provide targeted campaigns across various applications, while other methods provide for scheduling campaigns to premises device identifiers based on an event schedule, and other methods provide a hierarchal system for monitoring different sets of premises device identifiers when a user device can monitor for a limited number of premises device identifiers at a time.

Abstract: The devices, systems, and methods of the present disclosure are directed to powder spreading and binder distribution techniques for consistent and rapid layer-by-layer fabrication of three-dimensional objects formed through binder jetting. For example, a powder may be spread to form a layer along a volume defined by a powder box, a binder may be deposited along the layer to form a layer of a three-dimensional object, and the direction of spreading the layer and depositing the binder may be in a first direction and in a second direction, different from the first direction, thus facilitating rapid formation of the three-dimensional object with each passage of the print carriage over the volume. Powder delivery, powder spreading, thermal energy delivery, and combinations thereof, may facilitate consistently achieving quality standards as the rate of fabrication of the three-dimensional object is increased.

Abstract: According to some aspects, techniques are provided for fabricating sinterable metallic parts through the application of directed energy to a build material. In particular, applying energy to a build material comprising a polymer mixed with a metal powder may cause the polymer to form a cohesive structure with the metal powder. As a result, the polymer acts as a “glue” to produce a metallic green part without local melting of the metal. The green part may subsequently be sintered to remove the polymer and produce a fully dense metal part. Optionally, a step of debinding may also be performed prior to, or simultaneously with, sintering.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for detecting contamination (e.g., bacteria) in fluid are provided. The systems, devices, and methods allow for filtering a fluid sample using a filter to capture and concentrate cells (e.g., bacteria) to detect electrochemical properties thereof. The cells can be exposed to a reagent that diffuses into the cells to produce a product of interest that can be used in analysis of the fluid sample. The product of interest can diffuse out of the filter into a fluid storage component for detection and analysis by an analysis component. After the sampling is completed, the filter can be detached and discarded. Other aspects of the present disclosure, including enhancements and various systems and methods for concentrating cells and analyzing the same, are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of golf club heads with turbulators and methods to manufacture golf club heads with turbulators are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

Abstract: A multijunction solar cell including an upper first solar subcell having a first band gap and positioned for receiving an incoming light beam; and a second solar subcell disposed below and adjacent to and lattice matched with said upper first solar subcell, and having a second band gap smaller than said first band gap; wherein at least one of the solar subcells has a graded band gap throughout the thickness of at least a portion of its emitter layer and base layer.

Abstract: Wearable and implantable devices that are used to support human anatomy and are formed using additive manufacturing are provided. Systems and methods for performing additive manufacturing allow for the formulation of a mesh material that has localized stiffness and slack in regions to best serve the needs of the patient. For example, regions of the mesh material can be designed to rigidly support portions of human anatomy, such as injured tissue, while regions of the mesh material adjacent to the injured tissue can be designed to closely mimic movement of the relevant human anatomy. For example, the mesh material can be formed in a manner such that it does not fold in those regions, and therefore is not obtrusive. The present disclosure allows for control of toolpaths when printing fibers used to form the devices. Other devices, as well as systems and methods for creating the same, are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for additive manufacturing are described. A method for additive manufacturing may include exposing a layer of material on a build surface to one or more projections of laser energy including at least one line laser having a substantially linear shape. The intensity of the line laser may be modulated so as to cause fusion of the layer of material according to a desired pattern as the one or more projections of laser energy are scanned across the build surface.