Abstract: Method/system locate external articles using source, detector (PSD), entrance aperture, and magnifying/reducing afocal element—expanding FOR>90°, or refining precision. Between (1) source or detector and (2) aperture, at least one plural-axis-rotatable mirror addresses source/detector throughout FOR. ½- to 15-centimeter mirror enables ˜25 to ˜45 ?radian beam divergence. Aperture, afocal element, and mirror(s) define source-detector path. Mirror(s) rotate in refractory- (or air/magnetic-) bearing mount; or mirror array. Auxiliary optics illuminate mirror back, monitoring return to measure (null-balance feedback) angle. To optimize imaging, auxiliary radiation propagates via splitters toward array (paralleling measurement paths), then focusing on imaging detector. Focal quality is developed as a PSF, optimized vs. angle; stored results later recover optima. Mirror drive uses magnet(s) on mirror(s). “Piston” motion yields in-phase wavefronts, so array dimensions set diffraction limit.

Abstract: A method of detecting cellular damage within a subject comprises transmitting low frequency ultrasound (20 MHz or below) into a selected site within the subject wherein the selected site has been exposed to a stress capable of causing cellular death at the selected site. At least a portion of ultrasound backscattered from the ultrasound transmitted into the selected site is received. The received backscattered ultrasound is compared to a control backscatter measurement. An increase or a decrease in intensity or spectral slope of the received backscattered ultrasound when compared to the control backscatter measurement indicates cellular death or damage at the selected site within the subject.

Abstract: A breathing assistance apparatus adapted to deliver humidified gases at a desired level of humidity to a patient including a humidifier and a heated conduit is disclosed. The humidifier includes a controller which controls the humidifier, or the humidifier and the heated conduit to deliver the gases to the patient at the required humidity or temperature, without the requirement for sensors in the gases stream. The controller uses information already available to the controller, without the requirement for additional information to be provided by sensors in the gases stream. This means the need for sensors in the gases stream is dispensed with. A significant benefit is achieved as sensors are not required in the conduit and thus the apparatus is simple and less bulky.

Abstract: A salt of a compound of formula (I) may be made with methanesulfonic acid. The salt and salts with other acids may be prepared by recovering from methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).

Abstract: A salt of a compound of formula (I) may be made with methanesulfonic acid. The salt and salts with other acids may be prepared by recovering from methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).

Abstract: A breathing assistance apparatus adapted to deliver humidified gases at a desired level of humidity to a patient including a humidifier and a heated conduit is disclosed. The humidifier includes a controller which controls the humidifier, or the humidifier and the heated conduit to deliver the gases to the patient at the required humidity or temperature, without the requirement for sensors in the gases stream. The controller uses information already available to the controller, without the requirement for additional information to be provided by sensors in the gases stream. This means the need for sensors in the gases stream is dispensed with. A significant benefit is achieved as sensors are not required in the conduit and thus the apparatus is simple and less bulky.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a quantity of an analyte, such as an aldehyde, contained in a breath sample includes a breath collection device and a measurement device. The breath collection device includes a breath inlet area, a breath outlet area, and a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber can include a reagent that is colorimetrically reactive with one or more aldehydes. The measurement device includes a light emitting device and a light measuring device and is configured to provide a quantitative value indicative of the amount of aldehydes present in the breath sample.

Abstract: A biopsy device having a translating and rotating cutter is disclosed. The translational speed of the cutter is varied using a variable pitch member. The variable pitch member can include a shaft having a relatively coarse threaded portion for rapid cutter advance and a relatively finer threaded portion for cutter advance during tissue severing.

Abstract: A biopsy device having a translating and rotating cutter is disclosed. The translational speed of the cutter is varied using a variable pitch member. The variable pitch member can include a shaft having a relatively coarse threaded portion for rapid cutter advance and a relatively finer threaded portion for cutter advance during tissue severing.

Abstract: A wireless magnetic resonance imaging scanner antenna assembly has a radio frequency antenna array having a number of RF antenna rungs, a microwave antenna array having a number of microwave antenna elements, and a number of antenna feeds. The rungs and elements are grouped together in feed subsets, each subset having at least one feed rung, one non-feed rung and associated microwave antenna elements. Signal transfers between a feed rung and a non-feed rung of a subset are made at a point on the feed rung, within a region of minimum potential.

Abstract: An upconverter has a low noise amplifier, a two port mixer and an antenna. The two port mixer comprises a first port to receive from the low noise amplifier an amplified input signal to be upconverted and a second port to receive a local oscillator signal and to output the amplified, upconverted signal at upper and lower sideband frequencies. The low noise amplifier is coupled to the first port; and the antenna is coupled to the second port.

Abstract: A parametric amplifier device has a two port parametric amplifier, a DC voltage generator and a DC bias regulator. The bias regulator has a voltage regulator, an attenuator and a summer. Output voltages from the regulator and the attenuator are added in the summer.

Abstract: A microwave antenna feed has a radio frequency trap and a number of microwave transmission lines. The radio frequency trap has co-planar ground and signal layers mounted on one surface of a substrate.

Abstract: A salt of a compound of formula (I) may be made with methanesulfonic acid. The salt and salts with other acids may be prepared by recovering from methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).

Abstract: A salt of a compound of formula (I) may be made with methanesulfonic acid. The salt and salts with other acids may be prepared by recovering from methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).

Abstract: Nanopatterned surfaces which provide for improved cell growth including improved stem cell differentiation. The patterned surfaces can comprise an array of fields of biologically active moieties and can be controlled by parameters which include the pitch between the fields and the size of the fields. Nanopatterning can be carried out with use of dip pen nanolithographic printing, microcontact printing, and nanoimprint lithography.

Abstract: A biopsy device having a translating and rotating cutter is disclosed. The translational speed of the cutter is varied using a variable pitch member. The variable pitch member can include a shaft having a relatively coarse threaded portion for rapid cutter advance and a relatively finer threaded portion for cutter advance during tissue severing.

Abstract: A breathing assistance apparatus adapted to deliver humidified gases at a desired level of humidity to a patient including a humidifier and a heated conduit is disclosed. The humidifier includes a controller which controls the humidifier, or the humidifier and the heated conduit to deliver the gases to the patient at the required humidity or temperature, without the requirement for sensors in the gases stream. The controller uses information already available to the controller, without the requirement for additional information to be provided by sensors in the gases stream. This means the need for sensors in the gases stream is dispensed with. A significant benefit is achieved as sensors are not required in the conduit and thus the apparatus is simple and less bulky.

Abstract: A reflector device for reflecting light from an LED and the like is provided. The reflector device comprises a reflectant material and a three-dimensional reflector formed from the reflectant material with the reflector having a top and a base and the reflector being entirely free from seams from the top to the base.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating asthma by raising the pH of the airways of an individual. The effect can be mediated directly by administering a pharmaceutically acceptable basic solution or alternatively, the effect can be mediated by enhancing the activity of glutaminase.