Abstract: This invention concerns the use of certain biogradable detergents containing as their sole active surfactant component linear, paraffinic alcohols containing 6 to 18 carbon atoms. These fatty alcohols have good laundering activity particularly to launder soiled cotton. These alcohols can be formulated in an aqueous solution containing only builders or optionally they can be formulated as multicomponent solid detergents in the form of a homogeneous, free-flowing powder. Using standard laundering tests these materials function well as detergents at low concentration levels, exhibit comparable or superior surfactant activity to sulfonated alkylated benzenes in the removal of soil from cotton or other cellulosics.

Abstract: Covers a method of sulfonating organic alcohols to prepare ether sulfonates thereof by reacting said organic alcohol compound with a hydroxy-containing alkyl sulfonic salt thereof under carefully controlled conditions comprising use of a vacuum less than about 300 mm of mercury, while for at least the majority of the reaction period dispersing through the liquid reaction mass an inert gas.

Abstract: Secondary alkylammonium 3-secondary alkylaminoalkanoates are prepared by reacting a secondary alkyl primary amine and an alkenoic acid in the presence of a primary or secondary alcohol.

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed are biodegradable builders for use with water-soluble organic detergent compounds. The builders are alkali metal salts of ester-acids derived from polycarboxylic acid anhydrides.Also claimed are a method for making the compounds and detergent compositions containing the disclosed compounds.

Abstract: This invention concerns the use of certain biogradable detergents containing as their sole active surfactant component linear, paraffinic alcohols containing 6 to 18 carbon atoms. These fatty alcohols have good laundering activity particularly to launder soiled cotton. These alcohols can be formulated in an aqueous solution containing only builders or optionally they can be formulated as multicomponent solid detergents in the form of a homogeneous, free-flowing powder. Using standard laundering tests these materials function well as detergents at low concentration levels, exhibit comparable or superior surfactant activity to sulfonated alkylated benzenes in the removal of soil from cotton or other cellulosics.

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed are biodegradable builders for use with water-soluble organic detergent compounds. The builders are alkali metal salts of ester-acids derived from polycarboxylic acid anhydrides.Also claimed are a method for making the compounds and detergent compositions containing the disclosed compounds.

Abstract: A composition for use in the manufacture of thermally insulating, refractory articles, containing particulate refractory material and from 1 to 20 percent by weight of fibrous organic material, for example paper fibers and/or cardboard fibers, is made with a plastic consistency. For example, the composition is made with a consistency or apparent viscosity of at least 200,000 centipoises at 25.degree. C. Methods of making the composition and for making articles from the composition are also described.

Abstract: Novel secondary alkylammonium 3-secondary alkylaminoalkanoates are provided along with a method for preparing same by reacting a secondary alkyl primary amine and an alkenoic acid in the presence of an alcohol. The compounds have utility as freeze-thaw additives for paints, corrosion inhibitors, pigment grinding aids and paraffin inhibitors.