Abstract: A method of detecting a species, strain or type of bacteria includes mixing a labeled bacteriophage including a label that is detectible via a detection system with a bacterial culture including the species, strain or type of bacteria to which the labeled bacteriophage selectively binds and using the detection system to detect the labeled bacteriophage bound to the species, strain or type of bacteria.

Abstract: A method of detecting a species, strain or type of bacteria includes mixing a labeled bacteriophage including a label that is detectible via a detection system with a bacterial culture including the species, strain or type of bacteria to which the labeled bacteriophage selectively binds and using the detection system to detect the labeled bacteriophage bound to the species, strain or type of bacteria.

Abstract: A system for identifying at least one species, strain or type of bacteria in a sample including at least one a labeled bacteriophage which binds selectively to the species, strain or type of bacteria, the at least one labeled bacteriophage comprising a label attached thereto, the system further comprising a detection system adapted to detect the labeled bacteriophage bound to the species of bacteria.

Abstract: A photoacoustic flow cell, the components of which may be made well in advance of conducting photoacoustic analysis, comprising (a) a chamber structure that defines a chamber, a chamber inlet, and a chamber outlet, and (b) a glass test structure, at least a portion of which is supported by the chamber structure and at least a portion of which is located in the chamber, wherein the test structure comprises an interior surface that defines a test passageway through which samples will be flowed when conducting the photoacoustic analysis.

Abstract: A system for identifying at least one species, strain or type of bacteria in a sample including at least one a labeled bacteriophage which binds selectively to the species, strain or type of bacteria, the at least one labeled bacteriophage comprising a label attached thereto, the system further comprising a detection system adapted to detect the labeled bacteriophage bound to the species of bacteria.

Abstract: A method of detecting a species, strain or type of bacteria includes mixing a labeled bacteriophage including a label that is detectible via a detection system with a bacterial culture including the species, strain or type of bacteria to which the labeled bacteriophage selectively binds and using the detection system to detect the labeled bacteriophage bound to the species, strain or type of bacteria.

Abstract: A method of detecting a species, strain or type of bacteria includes mixing a labeled bacteriophage including a label that is detectible via a detection system with a bacterial culture including the species, strain or type of bacteria to which the labeled bacteriophage selectively binds and using the detection system to detect the labeled bacteriophage bound to the species, strain or type of bacteria.

Abstract: A photoacoustic flow cell, the components of which may be made well in advance of conducting photoacoustic analysis, comprising (a) a chamber structure that defines a chamber, a chamber inlet, and a chamber outlet, and (b) a glass test structure, at least a portion of which is supported by the chamber structure and at least a portion of which is located in the chamber, wherein the test structure comprises an interior surface that defines a test passageway through which samples will be flowed when conducting the photoacoustic analysis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for depth profiling the structure of a subsurface region of skin, in particular burned skin, wherein the method/apparatus comprises directing laser light at an absorbing target to generate ultrasonic sound waves, which are used to determine the sound speed in the skin, and using the determined sound speed in conjunction with two-wavelength photoacoustics to depth profile of the structure of the subsurface of the skin.

Abstract: A multiple flow system and method for detecting substances in a fluid is provided. More specifically, a first fluid tube containing a first fluid and a second fluid tube containing a second fluid are coupled to a common fluid tube via a connector, such that alternating discrete compartments of the first fluid and the second fluid flow through the common fluid tube. The first and second fluids are immiscible. A substance detector, having a flow chamber with an internal wall, is coupled to the common fluid tube. The alternating discrete compartments of the first and second fluids flow through the flow chamber and are analyzed by the substance detector.

Abstract: A system and method of conducting total internal reflection photoacoustic spectroscopy (TIRPAS) comprising using a pulsed laser source to emit a thermally or stress confined laser beam at a prism comprising a surface to be in contact with a sample such that the laser beam travels through the prism to a location at an interface between the prism and the sample to form an evanescent field extending into the sample to generate a detectable photoacoustic response to the evanescent field by an analyte in the sample.

Abstract: A system and method of conducting total internal reflection photoacoustic spectroscopy (TIRPAS) comprising using a pulsed laser source to emit a thermally or stress confined laser beam at a prism comprising a surface to be in contact with a sample such that the laser beam travels through the prism to a location at an interface between the prism and the sample to form an evanescent field extending into the sample to generate a detectable photoacoustic response to the evanescent field by an analyte in the sample.

Abstract: A multiple flow system and method for detecting substances in a fluid is provided. More specifically, a first fluid tube containing a first fluid and a second fluid tube containing a second fluid are coupled to a common fluid tube via a connector, such that alternating discrete compartments of the first fluid and the second fluid flow through the common fluid tube. The first and second fluids are immiscible. A substance detector, having a flow chamber with an internal wall, is coupled to the common fluid tube. The alternating discrete compartments of the first and second fluids flow through the flow chamber and are analyzed by the substance detector.