Abstract: Process for the production of a chemical compound from a carbon dioxide starting material, comprising the steps of a) providing a feed stream consisting mainly of carbon dioxide; b) electrolyzing in an electrolysis stage the carbon dioxide in the feed stream to a first gas stream containing carbon monoxide and a second gas stream containing oxygen, wherein the molar ratio between carbon monoxide and oxygen is about 1:0.5 in an electrolysis stage; c) adjusting the composition of the first gas stream or the second gas stream or both gas streams to include carbon dioxide, either by operating at less than full conversion of CO2 or by sweeping one or both gas streams with a gas containing CO2 or by at some stage between the electrolysis cell and the oxidative carbonylation reactor diluting one or both gas streams with a gas containing CO2; all while maintaining an overall molar ratio of carbon monoxide to oxygen of about 1:0.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for producing carbon monoxide (CO) from carbon dioxide (CO2) in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) or SOEC stack, wherein CO2 is led to the fuel side of the stack with an applied current and excess oxygen is transported to the oxygen side of the stack, optionally using air or nitrogen to flush the oxygen side, and wherein the product stream from the SOEC, containing CO mixed with CO2, is subjected to a separation process. The process further comprises heating the inlet gas on both the fuel side and the oxygen side by means of separate heating units, so as to supply heat to the SOEC, where the operation temperature of said heating units is at least equal to the operation temperature of the cell stack minus 50° C., preferably at least equal to the operation temperature of the cell stack.

Abstract: Process for operating a high temperature fuel cell stack by the steps of: connecting the fuel cell stack in parallel to a power supply unit at a predefined temperature and/or voltage of the fuel cell stack, applying a voltage from the power supply unit of between 700 to 1500 mV per fuel cell across the fuel cell stack irrespective of the electro-motive force of the fuel cell stack, heating up the fuel cell stack from the predefined temperature to operation temperature while maintaining the voltage per fuel cell the power supply unit, maintaining the fuel cell stack at or above a predetermined operation temperature and/or above a predetermined voltage until the fuel cell stack is to be put into operation, supplying fuel to the fuel cell stack, and disconnecting the power supply unit followed by connecting a power-requiring load to the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: Process for the production of a chemical compound from a carbon dioxide starting material, comprising the steps of a) providing a feed stream consisting mainly of carbon dioxide; b) electrolysing in an electrolysis stage the carbon dioxide in the feed stream to a first gas stream containing carbon monoxide and a second gas stream containing oxygen, wherein the molar ratio between carbon monoxide and oxygen is about 1:0.5 in an electrolysis stage; c) adjusting the composition of the first gas stream or the second gas stream or both gas streams to include carbon dioxide, either by operating at less than full conversion of CO2 or by sweeping one or both gas streams with a gas containing CO2 or by at some stage between the electrolysis cell and the oxidative carbonylation reactor diluting one or both gas streams with a gas containing CO2; all while maintaining an overall molar ratio of carbon monoxide to oxygen of about 1:0.

Abstract: Process for operating a high temperature fuel cell stack, the process comprising the following steps: b) connecting the fuel cell stack in parallel to a power supply unit at a predefined temperature and/or voltage of the fuel cell stack, h) applying a voltage from the power supply unit of between 700 to 1500 mV per fuel cell across the fuel cell stack irrespective of the electro-motive force of the fuel cell stack, i) heating up the fuel cell stack from the predefined temperature to operation temperature while maintaining the voltage per fuel cell the power supply unit, j) maintaining the fuel cell stack at or above a predetermined operation temperature and/or above a predetermined voltage until the fuel cell stack is to be put into operation, k) supplying fuel to the fuel cell stack, l) disconnecting the power supply unit followed by m) connecting a power-requiring load to the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A fuel processing method for a solid oxide fuel cell stack comprising the steps of: (a) supplying a feed stream comprising ethanol to a methanation reactor containing catalytic material for the methanation of ethanol; (b) processing the feed stream in the methanation reactor under adiabatic conditions to produce an effluent fuel comprising methane; (c) transferring the effluent fuel comprising methane to the anode of a solid oxide fuel cell stack comprising at least one solid oxide fuel cell; (d) providing the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell stack with an oxygen-containing gas; and (e) converting the fuel comprising methane and the oxygen-containing gas to electricity in the solid oxide fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon products comprising the steps of a) providing a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (b) reacting at least part of the synthesis gas to an oxygenate mixture comprising methanol and dimethyl ether in presence of one or more catalysts which together catalyse a reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to oxygenates at a pressure of at least 3 MPa; (c) withdrawing from step (b) a reaction mixture comprising amounts of methanol, dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide and water together with unreacted synthesis gas and cooling the reaction mixture to obtain a liquid phase with the amounts of methanol, dimethyl ether and water and simultaneously dissolving carbon dioxide in the liquid phase; (d) separating the carbon dioxide containing liquid phase from a remaining gaseous phase comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; (e) evaporating and reacting the liquid phase being withdrawn from step (d) in presence of a catalyst being active in the convers

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon products comprising the steps of a) providing a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (b) reacting at least part of the synthesis gas to an oxygenate mixture comprising methanol and dimethyl ether in presence of one or more catalysts which together catalyse a reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to oxygenates at a pressure of at least 3 MPa; (c) withdrawing from step (b) a reaction mixture comprising amounts of methanol, dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide and water together with unreacted synthesis gas and cooling the reaction mixture to obtain a liquid phase with the amounts of methanol, dimethyl ether and water and simultaneously dissolving carbon dioxide in the liquid phase; (d) separating the carbon dioxide containing liquid phase from a remaining gaseous phase comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; (e) evaporating and reacting the liquid phase being withdrawn from step (d) in presence of a catalyst being active in the convers

Abstract: Reforming reactor for the conversion of a process fluid into hydrogen comprising: a reforming section and a boiler section which are both contained within a common volume and a combustion section, in which said reforming section contains one or more catalyst tubes filled with reforming catalyst, said boiler section is provided with one or more tubes carrying flue gas from the combustion section and said combustion section is provided with at least one burner, wherein the heat exchanging medium required for the reforming of said process fluid in the one or more catalyst tubes is a gas-liquid mixture that self-circulates and is encapsulated inside said common volume containing said reforming and boiler sections.

Abstract: Reforming reactor for the conversion of a process fluid into hydrogen comprising: a reforming section which is contained within a closed volume, a boiler section and a combustion section, in which said reforming section contains one or more catalyst tubes filled with reforming catalyst, said boiler section is provided with one or more flow channels for the passage of flue gas from the combustion section and said combustion section is provided with at least one burner, wherein the heat exchanging medium required for the reforming of said process fluid in the one or more catalyst tubes is a gas-liquid mixture that self-circulates and is encapsulated inside said closed volume and wherein at least a portion of said closed volume protrudes inside said boiler section.

Abstract: A fuel processing method for a solid oxide fuel cell stack comprising the steps of: (a) supplying a feed stream comprising methanol and/or dimethyl ether to a methanation reactor containing catalytic material for the methanation of methanol and/or dimethyl ether; (b) processing the feed stream in the methanation reactor under adiabatic conditions to produce an effluent fuel comprising methane; (c) transferring the effluent fuel comprising methane to the anode of a solid oxide fuel cell stack comprising at least one solid oxide fuel cell; (d) providing the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell stack with an oxygen-containing gas; and (e) converting the fuel comprising methane and the oxygen-containing gas into electricity in the solid oxide fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a hydrogen-rich stream comprising contacting a carbon monoxide-containing gas, methanol and water in at least one shift step in the presence of a catalyst comprising copper, zinc and aluminium and/or chromium at a shift inlet temperature of at least 280° C. and a pressure of at least 2.0 MPa.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a hydrogen-rich stream comprising contacting a process gas containing carbon monoxide and water, the process gas further including dimethyl ether or a dimethyl ether/methanol mixture in at least one shift step in the presence of an ether hydration catalyst selected from the group of solid acids and a methanol decomposition catalyst comprising copper, zinc and aluminum and/or chromium.

Abstract: Process for cooling an exothermic reaction zone by introducing a stream of water and a hydrocarbon-containing stream into a plurality of humidifying tubes extending through a catalytic exothermic reaction zone of a catalytic fixed bed with solid catalyst, introducing a process stream into the reaction zone for one or more catalytic exothermic reactions, passing the stream of water in a falling film along the inner circumference of the humidifying tubes, humidifying the hydrocarbon-containing stream with water in the humidifying tubes in indirect heat exchange with the exothermic reaction zone, withdrawing cooled reaction product of the exothermic reaction from the reaction zone, withdrawing the heated humidified, hydrocarbon-containing stream from the humidifying tubes, and transferring the heated humidified, hydrocarbon-containing process stream for further processing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxygenated fuel composition suitable for use in compression ignition internal combustion engines, equipped with inlet air heater and catalytic alcohol dehydration equipment suitable for chemical equilibrium conversion of methanol and higher alcohol to their associated ether plus water.