Abstract: A method of pumping an optical resonator includes directing light generated by a pumping light at the optical resonator, exciting a propagating surface state of the optical resonator at an interface of the optical resonator, and changing a propagating frequency of the light proximate the interface, where the changed frequency corresponds to a propagation frequency of the surface state. The optical resonator includes a photonic crystal and a material, where the interface is formed between the photonic crystal and the material.

Abstract: A method of pumping an optical resonator includes directing light generated by a pumping light at the optical resonator, exciting a propagating surface state of the optical resonator at an interface of the optical resonator, and changing a propagating frequency of the light proximate the interface, where the changed frequency corresponds to a propagation frequency of the surface state. The optical resonator includes a photonic crystal and a material, where the interface is formed between the photonic crystal and the material.

Abstract: A method of pumping an optical resonator includes directing light generated by a pumping light at the optical resonator, exciting a propagating surface state of the optical resonator at an interface of the optical resonator, and changing a propagating frequency of the light proximate the interface, where the changed frequency corresponds to a propagation frequency of the surface state. The optical resonator includes a photonic crystal and a material, where the interface is formed between the photonic crystal and the material.

Abstract: A method of pumping an optical resonator includes directing light generated by a pumping light at the optical resonator, exciting a propagating surface state of the optical resonator at an interface of the optical resonator, and changing a propagating frequency of the light proximate the interface, where the changed frequency corresponds to a propagation frequency of the surface state. The optical resonator includes a photonic crystal and a material, where the interface is formed between the photonic crystal and the material.

Abstract: A method of pumping an optical resonator includes directing light generated by a pumping light at the optical resonator, exciting a propagating surface state of the optical resonator at an interface of the optical resonator, and changing a propagating frequency of the light proximate the interface, where the changed frequency corresponds to a propagation frequency of the surface state. The optical resonator includes a photonic crystal and a material, where the interface is formed between the photonic crystal and the material.

Abstract: A plant warming system includes a sensor configured to acquire temperature data representative of a temperature of a plant, a heating system including an antenna configured to direct microwaves toward the plant, and a control system configured to control operation of the heating system based on the temperature data.

Abstract: A method of pumping an optical resonator includes directing light generated by a pumping light at the optical resonator, exciting a propagating surface state of the optical resonator at an interface of the optical resonator, and changing a propagating frequency of the light proximate the interface, where the changed frequency corresponds to a propagation frequency of the surface state. The optical resonator includes a photonic crystal and a material, where the interface is formed between the photonic crystal and the material.

Abstract: A method of pumping an optical resonator includes directing light generated by a pumping light at the optical resonator, exciting a propagating surface state of the optical resonator at an interface of the optical resonator, and changing a propagating frequency of the light proximate the interface, where the changed frequency corresponds to a propagation frequency of the surface state. The optical resonator includes a photonic crystal and a material, where the interface is formed between the photonic crystal and the material.

Abstract: A method of pumping an optical resonator includes directing light generated by a pumping light at the optical resonator, exciting a propagating surface state of the optical resonator at an interface of the optical resonator, and changing a propagating frequency of the light proximate the interface, where the changed frequency corresponds to a propagation frequency of the surface state. The optical resonator includes a photonic crystal and a material, where the interface is formed between the photonic crystal and the material.

Abstract: A mobile communication apparatus such as a mobile phone has an antenna which includes magnetically permeable material surrounded by a coil connected to a radio frequency source and/or receiver. Unlike the normal dipole antenna of a mobile phone, the magnetic antenna results in reduced absorption of the evanescent, non-radiative field of the antenna in the user.

Abstract: A structure which exhibits magnetic properties when it receives electromagnetic radiation is formed from an array of capacitive elements each of which is smaller, and preferably much smaller, than the wavelength of the radiation. Each capacitive element has a low resistance conducting path associated with it and is such that a magnetic component of the received electromagnetic radiation induces an electrical current to flow around the path and through the associated element. The creation of internal magnetic fields generated by the flow of the induced electrical current gives rise to the structure's magnetic properties.

Abstract: The performance of a microwave antenna is improved by incorporating a fine wire dielectric material which has a dielectric constant ∈ of less than unity at microwave frequencies. The effect of the dielectric material is to refract microwaves so that the antenna appears to have a larger aperture than that of its physical size. Furthermore, by selecting the transmission cut off frequency of the dielectric material, two antenna elements which are intended to operate within different frequency bands can be mounted one behind the other.