Abstract: The present invention comprises a method and apparatus for concentrating light. The invention comprises a panel with a top and bottom surface area relatively larger than the surface area of the edges of the panel. Solar cells are disposed on the edge surfaces. When light shines on the panel, it is transmitted into the interior of the panel material and redirected to impinge on the solar cells at the edge areas. In one embodiment this is accomplished by causing the interior of the panel to fluoresce, where the fluoresced light is directed to the solar cells, resulting in the direct generation of electricity. In another embodiment, the invention is used to aid in a photocatalytic process by concentrating light on integrated channels through which a catalytic material is flowing. The light energy is used to create hydrogen and oxygen which may be used in fuel cells.

Abstract: Devices and methods are provided for precise reduction of arrays of microspots. A pulse jetting device is employed having a capillary of micron dimensions, with a portion of the capillary proximal to the jetting orifice circumferentially surrounded by a piezoelectric transducer. By appropriate design of the capillary, orifice and piezoelectric transducer, droplets can be formed on a surface, separated by as little as 80 microns center-to-center, and having at least about a 15 micron spacing at the border. The subject substrate arrays can be used for providing miniaturized arrays of reagents, such as nucleic acids, for detecting the presence of homologous sequences in a sample.

Abstract: Devices and methods are provided for precise production of arrays of microspots. A pulse jetting device is employed having a capillary of micron dimensions, with a portion of the capillary proximal to the jetting orifice circumferentially surrounded by a piezoelectric transducer. By appropriate design of the capillary, orifice and piezoelectric transducer, droplets can be formed on a surface, separated by as little as 80 microns center-to-center, and having at least about a 15 micron spacing at the border. The subject substrate arrays can be used for providing miniaturized arrays of reagents, such as nucleic acids, for detecting the presence of homologous sequences in a sample.