Abstract: A novel reverse osmosis or nanofiltration system (RO/NF) capable of detecting and responding to onset of fouling within the system utilizing uniquely configured membrane permeate flow path within the system which generates a time-sensitive data. Membrane performance data in real-time operating conditions is then utilized for rapid detection of membrane fouling, fouling rate, and cause of fouling, followed by controller-based system generated actions to stop, and recover from fouling or slow-down fouling, and, if required, to predict, plan, and schedule operator intervention steps to recover optimum system operating conditions. The end-result is a novel energy-efficient and fouling-managed advanced (machine learning) reverse osmosis system for brackish water desalination.

Abstract: A pair of error amplification deflectors, releasably attached to the face of a golf club with hook and loop patches, are spaced to provide a central zone on the face of the club for directing a golf ball along a normal path upon squarely striking the ball, but are shaped for redirecting the path of the ball upon striking the ball to provide a signal indicative of an off-center putting stroke or golf swing. The hook and loop patches permit adjustment of the width of the center zone for different levels of practice difficulty, and provide further indication of an off-center stroke by absorbing energy to decelerate the speed of the redirected ball.