Abstract: An electronically tuneable surface. The surface comprises: a conductive sheet comprising at least one opening; and a biasing circuit. The biasing circuit comprises first and second conductors, separated from the conductive sheet by a dielectric, and arranged at mutually opposing sides of the opening such that each conductor is capacitively coupled to the conductive sheet at the respective side of the opening. The conductors define a gap between them corresponding to the opening. The biasing circuit also comprises an electrical control element bridging the gap, connected to the first and second conductors. When the element is in a first state, the surface exhibits a first frequency transmission characteristic with respect to incident electromagnetic radiation, and when the element is in a second state, the surface exhibits a second, different characteristic.

Abstract: A liquid or semi-solid formulation of botulinum toxin for the preparation of a medicament intended to treat a disorder characterized by bladder spasms (e.g. urinary incontinence due to unstable bladder or unstable detrusor sphincter, voiding complications due to detrusor overactivity or unstable detrusor sphincter, urinary retention secondary to spastic sphincter or hypertrophied bladder neck and neurogenic bladder dysfunction secondary to Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, stroke or multiple sclerosis or characterized by a spasm reflex), wherein said medicament is for administration by infusion into the bladder or by other methods that do not involve injection into the bladder wall.

Abstract: An electronically tuneable surface. The surface comprises: a conductive sheet comprising at least one opening; and a biasing circuit. The biasing circuit comprises first and second conductors, separated from the conductive sheet by a dielectric, and arranged at mutually opposing sides of the opening such that each conductor is capacitively coupled to the conductive sheet at the respective side of the opening. The conductors define a gap between them corresponding to the opening. The biasing circuit also comprises an electrical control element bridging the gap, connected to the first and second conductors. When the element is in a first state, the surface exhibits a first frequency transmission characteristic with respect to incident electromagnetic radiation, and when the element is in a second state, the surface exhibits a second, different characteristic.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) wherein R is selected from (i) a 5 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, which is optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from halo, CN, NO2, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy and phenyl; (ii) (C1-C6)alkyl, which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from halo, oxo, CN, NO2, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy and phenyl; (iii) (C1-C6)alkyl substituted by (C3-C13)cycloalkyl, which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from halo, oxo, CN, NO2, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy and phenyl; and (iv) (C3-C13)cycloalkyl, which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents each independently selected from halo, oxo, CN, NO2, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy and phenyl.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a liquid or semi-solid formulation of botulinum toxin for the preparation of a medicament intended to treat a disorder characterised by bladder spasms (e.g. urinary incontinence due to unstable bladder or unstable detrusor sphincter, voiding complications due to detrusor overactivity or unstable detrusor sphincter, urinary retention secondary to spastic sphincter or hypertrophied bladder neck and neurogenic bladder dysfunction secondary to Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, stroke or multiple sclerosis or characterised by a spasm reflex), wherein said medicament is for administration by infusion into the bladder or by other methods that do not involve injection into the bladder wall.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a liquid or semi-solid formulation of botulinum toxin for the preparation of a medicament intended to treat a disorder characterised by bladder spasms (e.g. urinary incontinence due to unstable bladder or unstable detrusor sphincter, voiding complications due to detrusor overactivity or unstable detrusor sphincter, urinary retention secondary to spastic sphincter or hypertrophied bladder neck and neurogenic bladder dysfunction secondary to Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, stroke or multiple sclerosis or characterised by a spasm reflex), wherein said medicament is for administration by infusion into the bladder or by other methods that do not involve injection into the bladder wall.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to the use of a pre-synaptic neuromuscular blocking substance for preparing a medicament intended to treat or prevent heart fibrillation disorders. Preferably, the pre-synaptic neuromuscular blocking substance will be a botulinum toxin. Preferably also, the heart fibrillation disorder to be treated or prevented will be atrial fibrillation.