Abstract: A passive optical device for implementing a direct interconnect network of nodes or clients in a network topology, said device comprising: a housing comprising a plurality of node port connectors and an internal fiber shuffle mechanism, wherein each of said plurality of node port connectors is connected to a node port shuffle cable that extends within the housing to the internal fiber shuffle mechanism, and wherein each of said plurality of node port shuffle cables comprises transmit and receive optical fibers that are cross connected within the internal fiber shuffle mechanism to transmit and receive optical fibers of other of the node port shuffle cables from the plurality of node port connectors to form optical paths between said node port connectors to implement the network topology, and wherein each of said node port connectors is also initially connected to a first-type R-key to maintain in-line connections within the network topology, and wherein said first-type R-key s are replaceable in a pre-determi

Abstract: A bone implant comprises an active agent on at least a portion thereof. The active agent is locally deliverable to bone proximate the implant in at least a two-phased release scheme. A first phase rapidly releases a first quantity of the active agent, and at least a second phase gradually releases a second quantity of the active agent, whereby bone formation stimulated by the active agent is modulated. In one embodiment, a porous implant comprises a porous portion coated with a calcium phosphate compound and which is contacted with a bisphosphonate compound to form a bisphosphonate layer chemically bound to the calcium phosphate at the surface of the porous portion and to form bisphosphonate molecules being non-chemically attached inside the pores of the porous portion. The non-chemically attached bisphosphonate molecules are released in the subject at a rate greater than that of the chemically bound bisphosphonate layer.