Abstract: A method of labeling, and optionally enriching, for a population of target RNA molecules in a mixture of RNAs is provided. In some embodiments, the method may comprise (a) adding a label to the 5? end of 5?-diphosphorylated or 5?-triphosphorylated target RNA molecules in a sample by incubating the sample with labeled GTP and a capping enzyme; and (b) optionally enriching for target RNA comprising the affinity tag-labeled GMP using an affinity matrix that binds to the affinity tag. The label may be an oligonucleotide, which may further comprise an affinity group attached either internally or at 5? or 3? end of the oligonucleotide where the oligonucleotide label may be added directly, or indirectly via a reaction with a reactive group to the target RNA.

Abstract: A method of labeling, and optionally enriching, for a population of target RNA molecules in a mixture of RNAs is provided. In some embodiments, the method may comprise (a) adding a label to the 5? end of 5?-diphosphorylated or 5?-triphosphorylated target RNA molecules in a sample by incubating the sample with labeled GTP and a capping enzyme; and (b) optionally enriching for target RNA comprising the affinity tag-labeled GMP using an affinity matrix that binds to the affinity tag. The label may be an oligonucleotide, which may further comprise an affinity group attached either internally or at 5? or 3? end of the oligonucleotide where the oligonucleotide label may be added directly, or indirectly via a reaction with a reactive group to the target RNA.

Abstract: A method of labeling, and optionally enriching, for a population of target RNA molecules in a mixture of RNAs is provided. In some embodiments, the method may comprise (a) adding a label to the 5? end of 5?-diphosphorylated or 5?-triphosphorylated target RNA molecules in a sample by incubating the sample with labeled GTP and a capping enzyme; and (b) optionally enriching for target RNA comprising the affinity tag-labeled GMP using an affinity matrix that binds to the affinity tag. The label may be an oligonucleotide, which may further comprise an affinity group attached either internally or at 5? or 3? end of the oligonucleotide where the oligonucleotide label may be added directly, or indirectly via a reaction with a reactive group to the target RNA.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for efficiently preparing a completely deglycosylated antibody where efficiency is measured in relative amounts of reagents in soluble or lyophilized form, and time and temperature of the reaction. Compositions and methods are also provided for separating substantially all N-linked glycans from a glycosylated antibody and for preserving functionality of the antibody. The methods are compatible with glycan labeling and protease digestion without the need for prior purification steps.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for efficiently preparing a completely deglycosylated antibody where efficiency is measured in relative amounts of reagents in soluble or lyophilized form, and time and temperature of the reaction. Compositions and methods are also provided for separating substantially all N-linked glycans from a glycosylated antibody and for preserving functionality of the antibody. The methods are compatible with glycan labeling and protease digestion without the need for prior purification steps.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for efficiently preparing a completely deglycosylated antibody where efficiency is measured in relative amounts of reagents in soluble or lyophilized form, and time and temperature of the reaction. Compositions and methods are also provided for separating substantially all N-linked glycans from a glycosylated antibody and for preserving functionality of the antibody. The methods are compatible with glycan labeling and protease digestion without the need for prior purification steps.

Abstract: Packet processing logic of a host system's virtualization manager detects packets on the ingress or the egress path to/from a virtual port having three bitmap arrays for processing packets within a virtual local area network (VLAN). The logic checks the VLAN identifier (VID) of the packet to determine, based on an offset position within the corresponding bitmap array, whether the port supports the VLAN. Both the ingress array offset position and egress array offset positions correspond to the value of the VID, and are set within the specific bitmap array during configuration of the VLAN on the port. When the VLAN is supported by the port, the logic enables the packet to be processed by the port. Otherwise, the logic discards the packet. A strip bitmap array indicates when a packet's VID should be removed prior to forwarding the packet on the egress of a port (or destination port).

Abstract: A technique for operating a virtual switch includes determining network connection requirements for virtual machines controlled by a virtual machine monitor. Resources available, for processing data traffic of the virtual machines, are also determined. Finally, based on the network connection requirements and the resources available, a port of a virtual switch is selected to operate as a virtual Ethernet bridge or a virtual Ethernet port aggregator.

Abstract: A technique for operating a virtual switch includes determining network connection requirements for virtual machines controlled by a virtual machine monitor. Resources available, for processing data traffic of the virtual machines, are also determined. Finally, based on the network connection requirements and the resources available, a port of a virtual switch is selected to operate as a virtual Ethernet bridge or a virtual Ethernet port aggregator.

Abstract: Packet processing logic of a host system's virtualization manager detects packets on the ingress or the egress path to/from a virtual port having three bitmap arrays for processing packets within a virtual local area network (VLAN). The logic checks the VLAN identifier (VID) of the packet to determine, based on an offset position within the corresponding bitmap array, whether the port supports the VLAN. Both the ingress array offset position and egress array offset positions correspond to the value of the VID, and are set within the specific bitmap array during configuration of the VLAN on the port. When the VLAN is supported by the port, the logic enables the packet to be processed by the port. Otherwise, the logic discards the packet. A strip bitmap array indicates when a packet's VID should be removed prior to forwarding the packet on the egress of a port (or destination port).

Abstract: Packet processing logic of a host system's virtualization manager detects packets on the ingress or the egress path to/from a virtual port having three bitmap arrays for processing packets within a virtual local area network (VLAN). The logic checks the VLAN identifier (VID) of the packet to determine, based on an offset position within the corresponding bitmap array, whether the port supports the VLAN. Both the ingress array offset position and egress array offset positions correspond to the value of the VID, and are set within the specific bitmap array during configuration of the VLAN on the port. When the VLAN is supported by the port, the logic enables the packet to be processed by the port. Otherwise, the logic discards the packet. A strip bitmap array indicates when a packet's VID should be removed prior to forwarding the packet on the egress of a port (or destination port).

Abstract: Packet processing logic of a host system's virtualization manager detects packets on the ingress or the egress path to/from a virtual port having three bitmap arrays for processing packets within a virtual local area network (VLAN). The logic checks the VLAN identifier (VID) of the packet to determine, based on an offset position within the corresponding bitmap array, whether the port supports the VLAN. Both the ingress array offset position and egress array offset positions correspond to the value of the VID, and are set within the specific bitmap array during configuration of the VLAN on the port. When the VLAN is supported by the port, the logic enables the packet to be processed by the port. Otherwise, the logic discards the packet. A strip bitmap array indicates when a packet's VID should be removed prior to forwarding the packet on the egress of a port (or destination port).

Abstract: A technique for operating a virtual switch includes determining network connection requirements for virtual machines controlled by a virtual machine monitor. Resources available, for processing data traffic of the virtual machines, are also determined. Finally, based on the network connection requirements and the resources available, a port of a virtual switch is selected to operate as a virtual Ethernet bridge or a virtual Ethernet port aggregator.

Abstract: A technique for operating a virtual switch includes determining network connection requirements for virtual machines controlled by a virtual machine monitor. Resources available, for processing data traffic of the virtual machines, are also determined. Finally, based on the network connection requirements and the resources available, a port of a virtual switch is selected to operate as a virtual Ethernet bridge or a virtual Ethernet port aggregator.

Abstract: The invention relates to new microorganisms of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain, which are useful especially for the production of lignin-degrading enzyme.These new microorganisms are deposited under nos. C.N.C.M.-I-398 and C.N.C.M.-I-399.