Abstract: A spatial distribution of cells or sub-cellular structures of a subject is quantified by receiving image data that includes a plurality of biomarkers and processing the image data to obtain a set of coordinates. Each coordinate denotes the location of a cell or sub-cellular structure represented by a biomarker or combination of biomarkers. The set of coordinates is processed into a two-dimensional symmetric matrix. Each element of the matrix indicates the frequency of a cell or sub-cellular structure represented by a first biomarker or combination of biomarkers being observed within an interaction distance of a cell or sub-cellular structure represented by a second biomarker or combination of biomarkers. A classifier assigns the subject to a group or category based on the matrix. A toxicity and/or efficacy of one or more interventions is assessed based on a comparison of the spatial distribution to one or more predetermined reference or control distributions.

Abstract: In a technique for quantifying the spatial distribution of cells or sub-cellular structures, image data representing a spatial map of biomarkers is processed to obtain a set of coordinates. Each of the coordinates in the set denotes the location of a cell or sub-cellular structure represented by a biomarker or combination of biomarkers. The set of coordinates is processed into a two-dimensional symmetric (2N?1)×(2N?1) or 2N×2N matrix. The resulting matrix may be used for various purposes, such as assigning subjects clinical characteristics, and/or forming and/or testing scientific hypotheses for interventions, for example. Also described herein is an apparatus for performing the described technique.

Abstract: Provided herein is a computer-implemented method for quantifying the spatial distribution of cells or sub-cellular structures, the method comprising the following steps performed by a computer: (a) receiving for a subject image data comprising a plurality of biomarkers, N, wherein the data represents a spatial map of the biomarkers; (b) processing the data to obtain a set of coordinates, wherein each coordinate denotes the location of a cell or sub-cellular structure represented by a biomarker or combination of biomarkers; (c) processing the set of coordinates into a two-dimensional symmetric (2N?1)×(2N?1) or 2N×2N matrix (D), wherein each element (i, j) of the matrix indicates the frequency of a cell or sub-cellular structure represented by a first biomarker or combination of biomarkers (i) being observed within an interaction distance, di, of a cell or sub-cellular structure represented by a second biomarker or combination of biomarkers (j), and wherein i and j may be the same or different; and (d) using a

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for quantifying the spatial distribution of cells or sub-cellular structures comprising (a) receiving image data comprising a plurality of biomarkers, N, wherein the data represents a spatial map of the biomarkers; (b) processing the data to obtain a set of coordinates, wherein each coordinate denotes the location of a cell or sub-cellular structure represented by a biomarker or combination of biomarkers; and (c) processing the set of coordinates into a two-dimensional symmetric (2N?1)×(2N?1) or 2N×2N matrix (D). Also provided is the use of this method for assigning subjects one or more clinical characteristics, the use of this method for forming and/or testing scientific hypotheses for one or more interventions, and apparatus comprising at least one processor configured to perform the method.

Abstract: A method of serving content to multiple clients via a network is provided. Independent sessions with each of a plurality of clients are maintained, wherein the number of clients in the plurality of clients can vary over time, and wherein the start of each session and the end of each session can be independent of the start and end of other sessions. A stream of packet payloads is received, each packet payload of the stream of packet payloads including data generated from the content, wherein each packet payload in at least a subset of the stream of packet payloads includes a different set of data. Each packet payload in the stream of packet payloads is transmitted to each client of the plurality of clients in corresponding packets, wherein the packet payload transmitted to a client at any particular time is independent of the state of the corresponding session.

Abstract: A method of serving content to multiple clients via a network is provided. Independent sessions with each of a plurality of clients are maintained, wherein the number of clients in the plurality of clients can vary over time, and wherein the start of each session and the end of each session can be independent of the start and end of other sessions. A stream of packet payloads is received, each packet payload of the stream of packet payloads including data generated from the content, wherein each packet payload in at least a subset of the stream of packet payloads includes a different set of data. Each packet payload in the stream of packet payloads is transmitted to each client of the plurality of clients in corresponding packets, wherein the packet payload transmitted to a client at any particular time is independent of the state of the corresponding session.

Abstract: A method of serving content to multiple clients via a network is provided. Independent sessions with each of a plurality of clients are maintained, wherein the number of clients in the plurality of clients can vary over time, and wherein the start of each session and the end of each session can be independent of the start and end of other sessions. A stream of packet payloads is received, each packet payload of the stream of packet payloads including data generated from the content, wherein each packet payload in at least a subset of the stream of packet payloads includes a different set of data. Each packet payload in the stream of packet payloads is transmitted to each client of the plurality of clients in corresponding packets, wherein the packet payload transmitted to a client at any particular time is independent of the state of the corresponding session.

Abstract: A system and method of reducing SO2 emissions of a carbonaceous fuel fired hot gas stream in a system including a precipitator by injecting trona into the hot gas stream prior to the gas stream being cooled by an apparatus such as an air heater.

Abstract: A method of serving content to multiple clients via a network is provided. Independent sessions with each of a plurality of clients are maintained, wherein the number of clients in the plurality of clients can vary over time, and wherein the start of each session and the end of each session can be independent of the start and end of other sessions. A stream of packet payloads is received, each packet payload of the stream of packet payloads including data generated from the content, wherein each packet payload in at least a subset of the stream of packet payloads includes a different set of data. Each packet payload in the stream of packet payloads is transmitted to each client of the plurality of clients in corresponding packets, wherein the packet payload transmitted to a client at any particular time is independent of the state of the corresponding session.

Abstract: A dynamically updateable graphical index for rapidly scanning through content available on a website. The index comprises user-selectable levels within branches of a hierarchical tree structure representing various categories and sub-categories of content available on the website. All content on the website is associated with meta-data. The categories and sub-categories correspond to this meta-data. As content is added to the website, the content's associated meta-data is dynamically incorporated into the index and is searchable within the hierarchical tree structure displayed to the user.

Abstract: An encoder encodes an output symbol from input symbols of an input file by determining, for a given output symbol, a list AL that indicates W associated input symbols, within a subset S of the input symbols comprising the input file, to be associated with the output symbol, where W is a positive integer, where at least two output symbols have different values for W associated therewith, where W is greater than one for at least one output symbol, and where the number of possible output symbols is much larger than the number of input symbols in the input file, and generating an output symbol value from a predetermined function of the W associated input symbols indicated by AL. The subset S can be a window that slides over the input file to cover all of the input symbols in a period. The window can be a fixed or variable size. Where the window moves over the file and reaches an edge, the window can wrap around or can cover extended input symbols.

Abstract: A method of serving content to multiple clients via a network is provided. Independent sessions with each of a plurality of clients are maintained, wherein the number of clients in the plurality of clients can vary over time, and wherein the start of each session and the end of each session can be independent of the start and end of other sessions. A stream of packet payloads is received, each packet payload of the stream of packet payloads including data generated from the content, wherein each packet payload in at least a subset of the stream of packet payloads includes a different set of data. Each packet payload in the stream of packet payloads is transmitted to each client of the plurality of clients in corresponding packets, wherein the packet payload transmitted to a client at any particular time is independent of the state of the corresponding session.

Abstract: Output symbols are generated using input symbols and basis elements. A plurality of basis elements are generated. Each basis element is generated from a predetermined function of associated input symbols associated with the basis element. For each output symbol, a set of associated basis elements associated with the output symbol is determined, and a set of direct associated input symbols directly associated with the output symbol is determined. For each output symbol, the output symbol is generated from a predetermined function of the associated basis elements and the associated input symbols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting the six toothed spruce bark beetle Pityogenes chalcographus, by preventing aggregation and/or infestation of spruce, whereby one applies an inhibitory active amount of verbenone on spruce.

Abstract: The synthesising of a waveform which upon integration will approximate a sinusoid of controllable frequency and amplitude is disclosed. Any desired amplitude may be programmed for a particular frequency. The synthesiser is suitable as a variable speed AC motor drive. The output waveform is synthesised by chopping a square wave using a variable width chop. To obtain lower harmonic content, a chopped square wave is Walsh multiplied with another square wave of different frequency to produce a pulse width modulated waveform having a frequency equal to the frequency difference between the square waves. Methods for accurately controlling the difference frequency using variable digital dividers are disclosed.