Abstract: A foaming formulation is provided herein. The foaming formulation includes at least one foaming agent in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight based on a total weight of the foaming solution. The foaming formulation further includes a synthetic strength additive having a cationic functional group in an amount from about 0.01% to about 50% by weight based on a total weight of the foaming solution. The foaming formulation further includes water.

Abstract: A foaming formulation is provided herein. The foaming formulation includes at least one foaming agent in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight based on a total weight of the foaming solution. The foaming formulation further includes a synthetic strength additive having a cationic functional group in an amount from about 0.01% to about 50% by weight based on a total weight of the foaming solution. The foaming formulation further includes water.

Abstract: A mild, simple process of preparing lignin nanoparticle dispersions is disclosed. Additionally, compositions and methods of making lignin nanoparticle-polymer complexes comprising derivatized and/or non-derivatized lignin nanoparticle dispersions and water soluble and/or water dispersible polymers are disclosed. Further, methods of using at least one of the lignin nanoparticle dispersions, derivatized lignin nanoparticle dispersions, and/or the lignin nanoparticle-polymer complex to impart rinse-resistant properties, such as hydrophilic properties, to substrates, or function as tunable nanoparticle surfactants are disclosed.

Abstract: A mild, simple process of preparing lignin nanoparticle dispersions is disclosed. Additionally, compositions and methods of making lignin nanoparticle-polymer complexes comprising derivatized and/or non-derivatized lignin nanoparticle dispersions and water soluble and/or water dispersible polymers are disclosed. Further, methods of using at least one of the lignin nanoparticle dispersions, derivatized lignin nanoparticle dispersions, and/or the lignin nanoparticle-polymer complex to impart rinse-resistant properties, such as hydrophilic properties, to substrates, or function as tunable nanoparticle surfactants are disclosed.

Abstract: A process is described for producing fermentable sugars derivable from biomass that contains polysaccharide, such as cellulose, made increasingly accessible as a substrate for enzymatic degradation or other methods of depolymerization. These fermentable sugars are subsequently able to be fermented to produce various target chemicals, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones or acids.

Abstract: A process is described for producing fermentable sugars derivable from biomass that contains polysaccharide, such as cellulose, made increasingly accessible as a substrate for enzymatic degradation or other methods of depolymerization. These fermentable sugars are subsequently able to be fermented to produce various target chemicals, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones or acids.

Abstract: In this invention, a process for producing fermentable sugars derivable from biomass that contains polysaccharide, such as cellulose, which has been made increasingly accessible as a substrate for enzymatic degradation or other methods of depolymerization. The process of the present invention increases accessibility of polysaccharides, typically present in biomass and produces polysaccharides with increased accessibility. The polysaccharides with increased accessibility may be subsequently saccharified to yield fermentable sugars. These fermentable sugars are subsequently able to be fermented to produce various target chemicals, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones or acids.

Abstract: A process is described for producing fermentable sugars derivable from biomass that contains polysaccharide, such as cellulose, made increasingly accessible as a substrate for enzymatic degradation or other methods of depolymerization. These fermentable sugars are subsequently able to be fermented to produce various target chemicals, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones or acids.

Abstract: Addition of a premixed aqueous mixture of anionic dry strength resin and cationic or amphoteric starch to a paper making pulp slurry yields paper with higher dry strength than paper that is the same except that the starch and dry strength resin are added separately.

Abstract: Addition of a premixed aqueous mixture of anionic dry strength resin and cationic or amphoteric starch to a paper making pulp slurry yields paper with higher dry strength than paper that is the same except that the starch and dry strength resin are added separately.

Abstract: A sizing composition for fine paper that does not encounter machine feed problems in high-speed converting or reprographic operations is not solid at 35.degree. C. and comprises a mixture of 2-oxetanone compounds that are the reaction product of a reaction mixture comprising (a) a feedstock comprising primarily unsaturated fatty acids and (b) a feedstock comprising primarily saturated fatty acids, or acid halides thereof, provided that at least 20 mole % of the reaction mixture fatty acids comprise saturated fatty acids and at least 20 mole % of the reaction mixture fatty acids comprise unsaturated fatty acids.