Abstract: A surge arrester which includes a pair of spaced metal electrodes and a semiconductor element interposed between the metal electrodes and in contact with at least one of the metal electrodes. The semiconductor element functions at least partially to bridge a gap between the metal electrodes with such gap serving as a current path between the metal electrodes in the event a voltage applied across the metal electrodes exceeds a firing voltage of the surge arrester. The semiconductor element includes a metal coating on at least a substantial portion of its outer surface which is in contact with the at least one metal electrode. The coating includes a gap between the electrodes and the gap may include a notch in the gap.

Abstract: Surge arrestor assemblies for railroad and like circuits utilize a high surface area to cross-sectional area, broadband equal potential grounding plane which is in the form of a loop. Surges are electrically coupled to the broadband equipotential grounding plane through surge arrestors. The assembly ensures that each arrestor "see's" the same impedance so that the voltage seen at the equipment is controlled. The grounding member is supported in recesses in mounting blocks which maintain its planar condition, and which also facilitate the connections to ground, lines, arresters and equipment.