Abstract: Provided herein is a method of obtaining astrocytes from gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GDMSC). Also disclosed herein are systems comprising a biocompatible construct and a plurality of astrocytes obtained from a method disclosed herein and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: By providing two cooperating, pivotable clamping arms, each of which incorporates an elongated, movement controlling plastic portion securely affixed to a die-cast metal or powdered metal section having a clamping face formed therein, a uniquely constructed, pivotable, jaw-clamping surgical instrument is attained. By employing die-cast metal or powdered metal sections, close tolerances and high quality is attained, while the expense of manufacture is substantially reduced. In addition, the integration of the die-cast metal or powdered metal sections with the elongated, movement controlling plastic arms achieves a trouble-free, dependable, inexpensive, disposable surgical instrument wherein the inherent advantages of both materials are optimized.