Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting transitions between different gas or liquid products in a flow path and, more particularly, it relates to an apparatus and method utilizing Raman spectroscopy for detecting transitions between petroleum products. A Raman spectrometer is preferably to produce a monochromatic excitation beam at a wavelength of approximately 670 nm. The spectrometer consists of an entrance slit, a combined diffraction grating/focussing element, and an exit slit. The Raman signal, which exits the spectrometer exit slit is detected by a highly sensitive photomultiplier tube, and sent to a computer device for data acquisition and analysis. The proposed invention detects liquid or gas products in a flow path by detecting the changes in the composition of various petroleum products flowing through a gasoline pipeline, by means of exposing samples of various petroleum products to the Raman spectrometer system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting transitions between different gas or liquid products in a flow path and, more particularly, it relates to an apparatus and method utilizing Raman spectroscopy for detecting transitions between petroleum products. A Raman spectrometer is preferably to produce a monochromatic excitation beam at a wavelength of approximately 670 nm. The spectrometer consists of an entrance slit, a combined diffraction grating/focussing element, and an exit slit. The Raman signal, which exits the spectrometer exit slit is detected by a highly sensitive photomultiplier tube, and sent to a computer device for data acquisition and analysis. The proposed invention detects liquid or gas products in a flow path by detecting the changes in the composition of various petroleum products flowing through a gasoline pipeline, by means of exposing samples of various petroleum products to the Raman spectrometer system.

Abstract: A highly accurate projectile for use with small arms especially pistols and revolvers, having a cylindrically-shaped body portion and a nose formed adjacent thereto. The cylindrically-shaped body has a length which is equal to at least half the overall length of the projectile in order to position the center of gravity of the projectile within the body portion. The nose of the projectile is in the nominal shape of a truncated cone having sides which are rounded at the forward end thereof in order to meet a flat front surface. The flat front surface locates the center of pressure of the projectile well forward of the center of gravity of the projectile. The unique configuration and distribution of weight of the projectile allows for its highly accurate use with small arms.

Abstract: We have discovered that certain photoluminescent minerals of zinc, fluorine, tungsten, molybdenum, mercury and other elements which may naturally occur at the surface of the earth can be selectively detected in the presence of most other photoluminescent minerals and organic materials which are likely to occur at the earth's surface. The basis of selective detection is the discovery that the lifetimes of photoluminescent emission of materials in the latter class are much shorter than the lifetimes of photoluminescent emission of materials in the former class. This invention utilizes this discovery in the detection of minerals of uranium, zinc, lead, fluorine, tungsten, molybdenum, mercury and other elements.

Abstract: This invention is a method that uses the previously undiscovered fact that the phosphorescent lifetime of the uranyl ion at very dilute concentrations in an aqueous solution is anomalously long in comparison to that of other commonly-occurring phosphorescent species, wherein the uranyl ions in the low concentration sample are excited by projecting electromagnetic energy into the sample, terminating the projection of electromagnetic energy into the sample and measuring the characteristics of the decaying uranium phosphorescence after termination of the incident electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A method of detecting uranium compounds in an aqueous sample, containing uranium compounds that phosphoresce in response to ultraviolet light and other compounds which luminesce but have a shorter lifetime of phosphorescence than uranium compounds comprising the steps of increasing the phosphorescent characteristics of the uranium compounds and simultaneously diminishing the quenching efficiency of interfering ions in the sample by adding a polyphosphate compound and a buffer; projecting ultraviolet light into the sample; terminating said projection of ultraviolet light into the sample; measuring intensity of the decaying uranium phosphorescence at a time delay after the termination of the ultraviolet light, the time delay being longer than the time for luminescence due to materials other than uranium compounds possibly in the sample to substantially decay.