Abstract: Methods of forming organic molecules comprising contacting a hydrolase enzyme with an organic reactant are provided. Methods for forming an organosilicon molecule comprising contacting a hydrolase enzyme with an organosilicon reactant are also provided.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion comprising a copolymer which is the polymerization product of a mixture of vinylic monomers wherein from about 5% to about 90% by weight of the vinylic monomers are selected from co-esters of a drying oil acid and an unsaturated &agr;, &bgr;-polymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acid, contains from about 0.5% to about 50% by weight based on the weight of the copolymer of a hydrophobic ester or partial ester of a drying oil acid and a polyol. The copolymer polymerized in the presence of the hydrophobic ester or partial ester is characterized by a relatively low gel content, and by a relatively broad, multi-nodal, molecular weight distribution, including a low molecular weight component which acts as a transient plasticizer and coalescing agent. The aqueous dispersions can be formulated into quick drying coating compositions which form smooth protective films on various substrates, without requiring volatile coalescing agents.

Abstract: A method wherein polyesters are prepared under mild conditions by directly condensing hydroxycarboxylic acids or mixtures of polyfunctional alcohols and carboxylic acids in hydrophobic media using heterogeneous catalysts that can form a hydrophilic phase. The systems are inverse emulsions, inverse microemulsions and solid-in-liquid dispersions.

Abstract: Glycol co-esters of drying-oil fatty acids and polymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acids are formed by a novel bi-phase catalysis in liquid-liquid or liquid-solid dispersions. The co-esters form directly from drying-oil acids and partial glycol esters of vinylic carboxylic acids, or vice versa. Complete removal of the by-produced water by distillation is unnecessary and the commonly encountered side reactions of direct esterification are suppressed since reaction temperatures can be as low as ambient. The expensive acid chlorides or anhydrides combined with acid acceptors, previously used to prepare such co-esters, are circumvented along with the by-produced hydrochlorides or carboxylates which must be recovered and disposed in an environmentally acceptable way. The co-esters formed here are useful in free radical copolymerizations that provide novel film-forming polymers capable of cross-linig when dried in air. They can be formed in bulk, solution or as latexes.

Abstract: Strain-crystallizing poly{methyl(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)siloxane} elastomers and methods for their making. The process comprises the cross-linking of cis stereoregular polymers prepared by reacting isomers of 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-tris(3',3',3'-trifluoropropyl)cyclotrisiloxane, where at least 30 percent of the isomers are of cis configuration, in the presence of an aprotic polar promoter and a lithium compound. The lithium compound initiates ring opening and polymerization of the isomers without affecting the steric arrangement of the leomars. Elastomers prepared by cross-linking these cis stereoregular polymers have sufficient cis 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl substitution to allow the elastomers to strain crystallize and provide reinforcement to the elastomers at typical use temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention is stereoregular poly{methyl(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)siloxane} polymers and copolymers and methods for their making. The process involves reacting isomers of 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-tris(3',3',3'-trifluoropropyl)cyclotrisiloxane in the presence of an aprotic polar promoter and a lithium compound. The lithium compound initiates ring opening and polymerization of the isomers without effecting the steric arrangement of the isomers. Elastomers prepared by cross-linking polymers of the present invention can have sufficient cis 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl substitution to allow the elastomers to strain crystallize and provide reinforcement to the elastomers at typical use temperatures.

Abstract: A polyalkoxysilylalkylenedisilazane of the formula ##STR1## and a polyalkoxysilylalkylenesilylamine of the formula ##STR2## where x is 0 or 1; R is a saturated alkyl or aryl radical or mixture of radicals; R' is alkyl, aryl, or Cellosolve (R) alkylethanol radical, or mixture of radicals; R" is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or aryalkyl radial or mixture of radicals; and A is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 20 carbon atoms; and a method for their manufacture by the platinum catalyzed addition of an alkenyl- functional disilazane or silylamine with an alkoxy-functional silicon hydride is disclosed. The silylamine can also be produced by the platinum catalyzed addition of a SiH functional silazane or silylamine and an alkenyltrialkoxysilane.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrophobic colloidal silica is disclosed. The method comprises combining an aqueous colloidal silica dispersion, polyorganosiloxane, and anionic surfactant to yield a stable aqueous emulsion of hydrophobic colloidal silica. The emulsion may be further processed by evaporating the water to yield a white material which may be easily ground to a fine powder of hydrophobic colloidal silica. This powder is useful as a reinforcement for silicone rubber.

Abstract: An improved method of producing treated silica filler for use with silicone rubber operates at ambient temperature in a short period of time. The method consists essentially of mixing reinforcing silica with a volatile treating agent of the formula R.sub.x Si(OR').sub.4 -.sub.x, wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, alkyl or aryl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R' is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, x is 1 or 2, and R and R' are chosed so that the vapor pressure of the alkoxysilane exceeds 10 Pa (0.0001) atmosphere) at treatment temperature, in combination with a volatile catalyst selected from the group consisting of acid A, base B, and mixtures thereof; wherein acid A is a volatile acid or acid progenitor, and base B is a silylamine or silazane, acid A and base B being chosen so that the vapor pressure of either acid A or base B exceeds 500 Pa (0.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrophobic colloidal silica is disclosed. The method comprises combining an aqueous colloidal silica dispersion, polyorganosiloxane, and anionic surfactant to yield a stable aqueous emulsion of hydrophobic colloidal silica. The emulsion may be further processed by evaporating the water to yield a white material which may be easily ground to a fine powder of hydrophobic colloidal silica. This powder is useful as a reinforcement for silicone rubber.

Abstract: A polyalkoxysilylalkylenedisilazane of the formula ##STR1## and a polyalkoxysilylalkylenesilylamine of the formula ##STR2## where x is 0 or 1; R is a saturated alkyl or aryl radical or mixture of radicals; R' is alkyl, aryl, or cellosolve (R) 2-alkylethanol radical, or mixture of radicals; R" is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl radical or mixture of radicals; and A is a divalent hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 20 carbon atoms; and a method for their manufacture by the platinum catalyzed addition of an alkenyl- functional disilazane or silylamine with an alkoxy-functional silicon hydride is disclosed. The silylamine can also be produced by the platinum catalyzed addition of a SiH functional silazane of silylamine and an alkenyltrialkoxysilane.

Abstract: This invention provides novel moisture curable liquid isobutylene oligomers containing terminal groups of the formula ##STR1## where R represents a monovalent hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon radical, R' represents an alkylene radical, X is a hydrolyzable group bonded to silicon through oxygen or nitrogen, and n represents an integer from 1 to 5, inclusive. The invention also provides a method for preparing these oligomers by the hydrosilation of terminally unsaturated isobutylene oligomers with a siloxane of the general formula ##STR2## in the presence of a platinum-containing hydrosilation catalyst.

Abstract: During the polymerization of diorganocyclosiloxane, to produce a polymer for use in manufacturing silicone rubber, a small amount of --SiOH is formed. The amount of --SiOH present in the polymer can be controlled by controlling the water vapor pressure present in the reaction container during polymerization.

Abstract: Storage stable, one part organosiloxane compositions that cure upon heating by a platinum-catalyzed hydrosilation reaction comprise, in addition to the organosiloxane reactants, a platinum-containing hydrosilation catalyst that is microencapsulated within one or two layers of thermoplastic organic polymers. The microcapsules are formed using known techniques.

Abstract: Polydiorganosiloxane gum, of the type produced by the alkaline metal catalyzed polymerization of organocyclosiloxanes can be reduced in hydroxyl content by mixing the gum with an acid or acid producing phosphoric component and a silylamine component, allowing the mixture to react until the hydroxyl groups are lowered to the desired extent, then devolatilizing the gum. The hydroxyl content can be lowered without causing any significant change in the molecular weight of the gum. The hydroxyl content can be lowered to essentially zero.

Abstract: This invention is a method of producing a latex of crosslinked polydiorganosiloxane. The latex yields an elastomer upon removal of the water. The latex is prepared by homogenizing a mixture of hydroxyl endblocked polydiorganosiloxane, less than 75 millimoles of surface active anionic catalyst per kilogram of polydiorganosiloxane where said surface active anionic catalyst is dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid or hydrogen lauryl sulfate, and water to yield an oil-in-water emulsion. This emulsion is then admixed with from 0.5 to 15 parts by weight of an alkoxy silicon compound selected from a silane of the formula R.sub.a 'Si(OR.sup.3).sub.4-a where R' is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of up to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is an alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a is 0 or 1, a partial hydrolyzate of the silane, or mixtures of silane and partial hydrolyzate. The resulting emulsion is maintained at a temperature of about 15.degree. to 30.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention is a method of producing an aqueous latex of crosslinked polydiorganosiloxane. The latex yields an elastomer upon removal of the water. The latex is prepared by homogenizing a mixture of hydroxyl endblocked polydiorganosiloxane; a silane of the formula R.sub.a 'Si(OR.sup.3).sub.4-a where R' is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of up to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is an alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a partial hydrolyzate, or mixture of silane and hydrolyzate, and a is 0 or 1; a surface active anionic catalyst of the formulae R.sup.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 SO.sub.3 H wherein R.sup.2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of at least 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 OSO.sub.2 OH, or ##STR1## wherein R.sup.4 is H or R.sup.2 ; and water. The resulting emulsion is maintained at a temperature of 15.degree. to 30.degree. C. for at least 5 hours at a pH of less than 5 until a crosslinked polymer is formed, then this emulsion is admixed with base to a pH of greater than 7.

Abstract: This invention is a method of producing a latex of crosslinked polydiorganosiloxane reinforced with colloidal silica. The method allows the production of a latex having a relatively high amount of silica present in relation to the polymer because the water used to form the emulsion can be that present in the acidic colloidal silica sol used in the method. The high solids latex can be useful as a caulking material. The method homogenizes a hydroxyl endblocked polydiorganosiloxane, a silane of the formula R'.sub.a Si(OR.sup.3).sub.4-a where R' is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of up to 12 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is an alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a partial hydrolyzate, or mixture of silane and hydrolyzate, and a is 0 or 1; a surface active anionic catalyst of the formulae R.sup.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 SO.sub.3 H wherein R.sup.2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical of at least 6 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 OSO.sub.2 OH, or ##STR1## wherein R.sup.4 is H or R.sup.

Abstract: Hydroxyl-endblocked polydiorganosiloxane oligomer is polymerized through the use of a catalyst mixture of quaternary ammonium carboxylate and carboxylic acid. The method heats the mixture of oligomer and catalyst to a temperature in the range of from 90.degree. C. to 150.degree. C., removing water from the mixture, until the desired degree of condensation is achieved. When cooled, the product is a stable polydiorganosiloxane of increased molecular weight. The catalyst can be inactivated by heating and removing volatile byproducts. One embodiment of the method adds an acidic or neutral reinforcing filler to the mixture before polymerization to yield a storage stable silicone polymer-filler mixture which is useful in a manner similar to conventionally produced silicone polymer-filler mixtures.

Abstract: Storage stable, one part organosiloxane compositions that cure upon heating by a platinum-catalyzed hydrosilation reaction comprise, in addition to the organosiloxane reactants, a platinum-containing hydrosilation catalyst that is microencapsulated within one or two layers of thermoplastic organic polymers. The microcapsules are formed using known techniques.