Abstract: Systems and methods to update the calibration data of a control system includes a calibration system. The calibration system includes a first cloud connected application system structured to communicatively couple to a second cloud connected application system, determine, via at least one of the first cloud connected application system or the second cloud connected application system, a calibration update request corresponding to a control system, generate custom calibration data including preference data based on at least one of the calibration update request or the preference data, and provide the custom calibration data during at least one of an active engine state or an inactive engine state, wherein the custom calibration data is transmitted from the second memory portion to the first memory portion in response to the inactive engine state.

Abstract: Systems and methods to update the calibration data of a control system includes a calibration system. The calibration system includes a first cloud connected application system structured to communicatively couple to a second cloud connected application system, determine, via at least one of the first cloud connected application system or the second cloud connected application system, a calibration update request corresponding to a control system, generate custom calibration data including preference data based on at least one of the calibration update request or the preference data, and provide the custom calibration data during at least one of an active engine state or an inactive engine state, wherein the custom calibration data is transmitted from the second memory portion to the first memory portion in response to the inactive engine state.

Abstract: Systems, methods and techniques for exhaust gas recirculation are provided. The system includes controlling the mixing of exhaust flow from at least one cylinder of an engine with air in an air intake system prior to combustion in response to an EGR fraction deviation condition. The exhaust flow from the at least one cylinder is accumulated prior to mixing and distributed into the intake air system in a controlled manner to mitigate or prevent the EGR flow from deviating from an expected EGR fraction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder with a mid-stop shelf and a liner positioned within the cylinder. The liner includes a seat supported on the mid-stop shelf. Further, the liner defines a piston channel. The engine also includes a coolant conduit between the cylinder and the liner. The coolant conduit located above the mid-stop shelf and seat. Additionally, the engine includes a piston with a head portion and a skirt portion. The piston is movable within the piston channel between an upper-most position and a lowermost position. In the upper-most position, the skirt portion of the piston is positioned below the mid-stop shelf and seat.

Abstract: Systems, methods and techniques for exhaust gas recirculation are provided. The system includes controlling the mixing of exhaust flow from at least one cylinder of an engine with air in an air intake system prior to combustion in response to an EGR fraction deviation condition. The exhaust flow from the at least one cylinder is accumulated prior to mixing and distributed into the intake air system in a controlled manner to mitigate or prevent the EGR flow from deviating from an expected EGR fraction.

Abstract: An EGR system for an internal combustion engine has a separate, secondary high-temperature cooling loop, in addition to a primary cooling loop. In the secondary cooling loop, coolant flows through a secondary high-temperature exhaust gas cooler, which is located upstream of the primary exhaust gas cooler. A large amount of heat is transferred from the exhaust gases to the coolant in the secondary high-temperature cooling loop. The heat absorbed by the high-temperature coolant is rejected in a secondary high-temperature radiator. Heat absorbed by the primary coolant is rejected in a primary radiator. The two radiators occupy the same amount of frontal area as a single radiator used in a conventional single-stage EGR cooling system, but overall reject more heat to the ambient. In an alternate arrangement, the EGR system for a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine has a single exhaust gas cooler which is cooled by an EGR cooling loop that is independent of the engine cooling system.

Abstract: Tunable optical parametric amplifiers and oscillators that are pumped by the light from a tunable laser source are disclosed. One possible embodiment uses a tunable solid-state laser pump and an OPA medium or nonlinear crystal, such as potassium titanyl phosphate KTP or barium borate BBO or lithium borate LBO. The second harmonic output from a tunable solid-state laser is also used to pump the OPA medium. A singly or doubly resonant cavity design is preferably used to reduce the oscillation threshold (i.e., the required pump beam power) of the OPO.

Abstract: A method of laser lithotripsy is disclosed that utilizes pulse stretched Q-switched solid state lasers in conjunction with relatively small diameter optical fibers to achieve effective breakup of calculi located within the body, such as kidney and gall stones.

Abstract: A laser beam from a tunable solid state laser such as an alexandrite laser passes through a Raman shifter to produce a Raman-emitted beam with wavelength shifted so as to be able to activate a preselected photosensitizer for medical treatment. A combination of a laser and a Raman shifter with or without additionally a harmonic generator such as a frequency doubler may be also selected such that radiation with two different wavelengths can be obtained for treatment and detection.

Abstract: A broadly wavelength-tunable laser is provided which comprises as the laser medium a single crystal of YGG:Cr.sup.3+. The laser may be operated over a broad temperature range from cryogenic temperatures to elevated temperatures. Emission is in a spectral range from red to infrared, and the laser is useful in the fields of defense, communications, isotope separation, photochemistry, etc.

Abstract: A high power, broadly wavelength-tunable laser is provided which comprises as the laser medium particular single crystals of chromium-doped beryllium aluminate (BeAl.sub.2 O.sub.4 :Cr.sup.3+) having the chrysoberyl structure, means for exciting the laser medium and tuning means. The laser may be operated over a broad temperature range from cryogenic temperatures to elevated temperatures. Elevated temperatures are preferred, however, since they result in higher laser gain. Emission is in a spectral range from red to infrared, and the laser is useful in the fields of defense, communications, isotope separation, photochemistry, etc.CROSS-REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATIONThis application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 953,067, filed Oct. 20, 1978.