Abstract: The present disclosure provides for modeling a clinical trial study, which may implement a cross-over design. A plurality of treatments is generated for a clinical trial study, based on a first subset of operational parameters. A plurality of sequences is also generated for the clinical trial study, based on a second subset of the operational parameters. Each sequence of the plurality of sequences comprises a combination of ones of the plurality of treatments. A plurality of subject groups is assigned to the plurality of sequences, where one subject group of the plurality of subject groups is respectively assigned to one sequence of the plurality of sequences. The one sequence is administered to subjects of the one subject group during the clinical trial study.

Abstract: Systems and methods for diagnosing aircraft failure are provided. In one embodiment, a method can include receiving a first set of data from an aircraft in flight indicative of a failure event associated with the aircraft. The first set of data can be indicative of at least one or more conditions associated with the aircraft. The method can include performing one or more computer-based simulations to generate one or more simulated failure events, based at least in part on the conditions. The method can include identifying one or more simulated causes associated with the simulated failure events. The method can include determining one or more potential causes of at least a portion of the failure event, based at least in part on the simulated causes. The method can include communicating a second set of data indicative of at least the potential causes, to the aircraft while it is in flight.

Abstract: A method, and apparatus, for determining bend resistance of a sample includes applying a weight to a sample and measuring an amount of deflection of the sample caused by applying the weight. The sample is provided on a sample holder and an initial position of the sample is measured with respect to the sample holder. A weight is applied to the sample and a change in position from the initial position to a deflection position of the sample due to the weight applied to the sample is measured. An amount of deflection of the sample is determined by dividing the change in position by the basis weight.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for modeling a clinical trial study, which may implement a cross-over design. A plurality of treatments is generated for a clinical trial study, based on a first subset of operational parameters. A plurality of sequences is also generated for the clinical trial study, based on a second subset of the operational parameters. Each sequence of the plurality of sequences comprises a combination of ones of the plurality of treatments. A plurality of subject groups is assigned to the plurality of sequences, where one subject group of the plurality of subject groups is respectively assigned to one sequence of the plurality of sequences. The one sequence is administered to subjects of the one subject group during the clinical trial study.

Abstract: A method, and apparatus, for determining bend resistance of a sample includes applying a weight to a sample and measuring an amount of deflection of the sample caused by applying the weight. The sample is provided on a sample holder and an initial position of the sample is measured with respect to the sample holder. A weight is applied to the sample and a change in position from the initial position to a deflection position of the sample due to the weight applied to the sample is measured. An amount of deflection of the sample is determined by dividing the change in position by the basis weight.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a base made of metal having al plurality to cutting teeth along an edge of the base, wherein at least one cutting tooth has at least one notch in the cutting edge of the at least one cutting tooth. A tool is prepared by introducing a notch running longitudinally along the length of the tool in the cutting edge of the cutting teeth.