Abstract: A roof pin-or-bolt setting machine which applies sonic energy to drive bolts which may be of non-circular section or helical into the roof of a coal mine. The energy is supplied by a bar which is set into sonic vibration in its bending mode so that there is a standing wave along the bar having nodes and anti-nodes. The bolt is supported vertically at an anti-node position of the bar and is driven into the roof as the bar is vibrated. Continuous vertical force is applied to the bar to maintain the bolt in engagement with the roof under pressure.

Abstract: A roll assembly for reducing rod and the like in which the rolls are secured against rotation on their arbor by force applied to the sides of the rolls in the direction of the axis of the arbor. The force is applied by an hydraulic nut or annulus having a cavity which is sealed pressure tight by a deformable membrane. An annular shoe is interposed between the membrane and the rolls. The cavity is supplied with fluid under pressure and is deflected exerting force on the shoe which is transmitted to the roll.

Abstract: An hydraulic nut including an annulus, typically of stainless steel, having an annular cavity therein. The cavity is sealed pressure-tight by an annular deformable membrane of the same material as the annulus which is welded to the annulus about the cavity by a fusion weld. An hydraulic fluid, under pressure, typically grease, is injected into the cavity. The membrane is backed up by an annular shoe and the force produced by the pressure is transmitted through the membrane and the shoe to the object to which the force is applied. Very high forces may be applied by this apparatus.