Abstract: Compositions and methods that relate to improved chocolate milk are provided. The chocolate milk may be shelf stable and k-carrageenan free. The chocolate milk does not undergo visually detectable phase separation for at least 7 days. The chocolate milk that does not undergo the visually detectable phase separation contains from 1%-10% micellar casein w/v. Methods for preparing shelf stable k-carrageenan free chocolate milk are also provided and include mixing cocoa powder, sugar, milk, and micellar casein to obtain a mixture, and optionally heating and homogenizing the mixture, and subsequently subjecting the mixture to High Pressure Jet Processing (HPJ) or high pressure homogenization of at least 300 MPa, thereby producing the shelf table k-carrageenan free chocolate milk. The shelf stable k-carrageenan free chocolate milk of produced using such a method may be refrigerated temperature for at least 14 days, and does not undergo detectable phase separation for at least 14 days.

Abstract: Compositions and methods that relate to improved chocolate milk are provided. The chocolate milk may be shelf stable and k-carrageenan free. The chocolate milk does not undergo visually detectable phase separation for at least 7 days. The chocolate milk that does not undergo the visually detectable phase separation contains from 1%-10% micellar casein w/v. Methods for preparing shelf stable k-carrageenan free chocolate milk are also provided and include mixing cocoa powder, sugar, milk, and micellar casein to obtain a mixture, and optionally heating and homogenizing the mixture, and subsequently subjecting the mixture to High Pressure Jet Processing (HPJ) or high pressure homogenization of at least 300 MPa, thereby producing the shelf table k-carrageenan free chocolate milk. The shelf stable k-carrageenan free chocolate milk of produced using such a method may be refrigerated temperature for at least 14 days, and does not undergo detectable phase separation for at least 14 days.

Abstract: Provided is a cutting wheel assembly comprising: a frame having two spaced support pillars, each having an intermediate portion at an angle to upper and lower portions; a pair of outer cutting wheels arranged either side of an inner cutting wheel all supported on the lower portions of the support pillars about a common axis of rotation; each cutting wheel having a central hub portion about which an annular cutting portion is provided having a respective cutting diameter; the inner cutting wheel having a different cutting diameter to that of the outer cutting wheels, and the central hub portions of neighboring cutting wheels defining a respective gap in which the intermediate portion of a respective pillar is received; at least one of the annular cutting portions of the inner and/or the outer cutting wheels having one or more rim portion(s) that overlap each gap so the annular cutting portions provide a cutting action along a continuous line of cut.

Abstract: Provided are apparatus and method(s) for forming one or more shear key(s) between embedded concrete retaining wall(s) and concrete floor slab(s), kits for forming such shear key(s) and underground structures such as embedded concrete wall(s) and slab(s) comprising a shear key. In particular, the invention relates to a shear key former apparatus comprising: a box having an enclosable, internal volume, the box comprising a base and at least one, and preferably four, side wall(s), the side wall(s) terminating in a rim; rearwardly of the rim in two opposing portions of the side wall(s), at least one pair of opposing apertures, each pair of apertures defining an entrance and exit in each respective side wall portion for a rigid member to be accommodated extending across the internal volume between the entrance and the exit; a closure panel configured to be received into the rim to enclose the internal volume.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus and methods for constructing diaphragm walls. A guideway tube is provided for casting into a concrete panel along a height of a face of the concrete panel, comprising: an elongate guideway track comprising at least one elongate side wall and an elongate slot along the at least one elongate side wall, the elongate slot having a first width; and, an elongate closure panel comprising: a rear panel portion configured to close the elongate slot enclosing an elongate internal volume, and, a front panel portion of a second width greater than the first width. Preferably the rear panel portion is a close fit within elongate slot sufficient to resist the ingress of slurry and concrete. Preferably the rear panel portion is configured to engage the elongate slot in a manner configured to resist compression forces.

Abstract: Provided are apparatus and method(s) for forming one or more shear key(s) between embedded concrete retaining wall(s) and concrete floor slab(s), kits for forming such shear key(s) and underground structures such as embedded concrete wall(s) and slab(s) comprising a shear key. In particular, the invention relates to a shear key former apparatus comprising: a box having an enclosable, internal volume, the box comprising a base and at least one, and preferably four, side wall(s), the side wall(s) terminating in a rim; rearwardly of the rim in two opposing portions of the side wall(s), at least one pair of opposing apertures, each pair of apertures defining an entrance and exit in each respective side wall portion for a rigid member to be accommodated extending across the internal volume between the entrance and the exit; a closure panel configured to be received into the rim to enclose the internal volume.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus and methods for constructing diaphragm walls. A guideway tube is provided for casting into a concrete panel along a height of a face of the concrete panel, comprising: an elongate guideway track comprising at least one elongate side wall and an elongate slot along the at least one elongate side wall, the elongate slot having a first width; and, an elongate closure panel comprising: a rear panel portion configured to close the elongate slot enclosing an elongate internal volume, and, a front panel portion of a second width greater than the first width. Preferably the rear panel portion is a close fit within elongate slot sufficient to resist the ingress of slurry and concrete. Preferably the rear panel portion is configured to engage the elongate slot in a manner configured to resist compression forces.

Abstract: Provided is a cutting wheel assembly comprising: a frame having two spaced support pillars, each having an intermediate portion at an angle to upper and lower portions; a pair of outer cutting wheels arranged either side of an inner cutting wheel all supported on the lower portions of the support pillars about a common axis of rotation; each cutting wheel having a central hub portion about which an annular cutting portion is provided having a respective cutting diameter; the inner cutting wheel having a different cutting diameter to that of the outer cutting wheels, and the central hub portions of neighboring cutting wheels defining a respective gap in which the intermediate portion of a respective pillar is received; at least one of the annular cutting portions of the inner and/or the outer cutting wheels having one or more rim portion(s) that overlap each gap so the annular cutting portions provide a cutting action along a continuous line of cut.

Abstract: Compositions and methods that relate to improved chocolate milk are provided. The chocolate milk may be shelf stable and k-carrageenan free. The chocolate milk does not undergo visually detectable phase separation for at least 7 days. The chocolate milk that does not undergo the visually detectable phase separation contains from 1%-10% micellar casein w/v. Methods for preparing shelf stable k-carrageenan free chocolate milk are also provided and include mixing cocoa powder, sugar, milk, and micellar casein to obtain a mixture, and optionally heating and homogenizing the mixture, and subsequently subjecting the mixture to High Pressure Jet Processing (HPJ) or high pressure homogenization of at least 300 MPa, thereby producing the shelf table k-carrageenan free chocolate milk. The shelf stable k-carrageenan free chocolate milk of produced using such a method may be refrigerated temperature for at least 14 days, and does not undergo detectable phase separation for at least 14 days.

Abstract: Fan flutter attenuators are optimized so that they occupy the minimum area of the intake duct, and so can be accommodated more easily, without significantly compromising the area available for liners targeting community noise. In such circumstances resonators for flutter frequencies are typically associated with existing acoustic liner and take the form of chambers incorporating labyrinthine cores for absorption of acoustic frequency waves or utilize Helmholtz chambers with appropriate volumes and inlet pipe aperture configurations for tuning to desired flutter frequencies to be attenuated.

Abstract: A blade for a turbomachine extends in use, in a radial direction relative to the axis of the turbomachine. The turbomachine has at least one operating condition which generates supersonic fluid flow at the blade. The blade is adapted to provide, at the supersonic operating condition, a leading edge sweep angle which varies such that successive radial positions (i) to (iii) along the leading edge are at respective sweep angle turning points. Position (i) is the radially inner and position (iii) the radially outer of the positions. Position (i) is at or radially outward of the 30% span position, where 0% span is the radially innermost point of the leading edge and 100% span is the radially outermost point of the leading edge.

Abstract: Fan flutter is a significant problem with regard to gas turbine engines and can lead to premature failure and unacceptability with respect to engine operation. Traditional acoustic liners for noise abatement are formed to reduce environment noise. Fan flutter frequencies are typically much lower than community noise targeted by traditional acoustic liners, and therefore require different approaches with respect to attenuation. By altering the acoustic propensities of the intake duct, it is possible to increase the safe operating envelope of the engine. The flutter attenuators according to this invention are optimised so that they occupy the minimum area of the intake duct, and so can be accommodated more easily (without significantly compromising the area available for liners targeting community noise, for example).

Abstract: A blade for a turbomachine extends in use, in a radial direction relative to the axis of the turbomachine. The turbomachine has at least one operating condition which generates supersonic fluid flow at the blade. The blade is adapted to provide, at the supersonic operating condition, a leading edge sweep angle which varies such that successive radial positions (i) to (iii) along the leading edge are at respective sweep angle turning points. Position (i) is the radially inner and position (iii) the radially outer of the positions. Position (i) is at or radially outward of the 30% span position, where 0% span is the radially innermost point of the leading edge and 100% span is the radially outermost point of the leading edge.