Abstract: In some embodiments, a method (200) is provided for creating a virtual programmable logic controller (PLC) based on a physical PLC. The method (200) includes (1) connecting to the physical PLC over a network (201); (2) obtaining configuration data from the physical PLC over the network (202); (3) if an expansion module is coupled to the physical PLC, obtaining configuration data for the expansion module over the network (204); (4) storing configuration data for the physical PLC in a configuration medium (206); and (5) if configuration data for the expansion module is obtained, storing configuration data for the expansion module in the configuration medium (206). Numerous other embodiments are provided.

Abstract: Disclosure for representing one or more numbers as a geometric counting mechanism that comprises an arrangement of geometric shapes and decoding the geometric counting mechanism into the represented number or numbers is provided. Decoding a geometric counting mechanism includes at least identifying a container geometry, determining a primary multiplier, a secondary multiplier, and an additive component value based on the geometric shapes identified in the geometric counting mechanism and their locations in the arrangement. The geometric counting mechanism can be decoded in a clockwise and/or counterclockwise manner, therefore one geometric counting mechanism can represent more than one number.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method (200) is provided for creating a virtual programmable logic controller (PLC) based on a physical PLC. The method (200) includes (1) connecting to the physical PLC over a network (201); (2) obtaining configuration data from the physical PLC over the network (202); (3) if an expansion module is coupled to the physical PLC, obtaining configuration data for the expansion module over the network (204); (4) storing configuration data for the physical PLC in a configuration medium (206); and (5) if configuration data for the expansion module is obtained, storing configuration data for the expansion module in the configuration medium (206). Numerous other embodiments are provided.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments relate to simulation of one or more PLCs 302 which are to be physically implemented on conjunction with other devices 304 306, such as sensors or other devices 304 which provide information or signals to the PLC and/or actuators or other devices 306 which are controlled or otherwise receive information or signals from the PLC 302, e.g. to monitor and/or control various industrial machines or processes. The characteristics, physical or other attributes, of the interconnection(s) 308 between the PLC 302 and the other devices 304 306 are modeled 116 118 120 and simulated to ensure that the PLC 302 behaves in a manner consistent with the characteristics of the interconnection 308. Accordingly, using the disclosed embodiments, simulation of a PLC 302 will provide a more accurate representation of the expected actual operation thereof in the actual environment.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a multi-dimensional file system are provided. Instead of the limited parent-child relationships provided by traditional folder tree file systems, embodiments of the present disclosure may provide file system relationships in an arbitrary number of dimensions to provide greater flexibility in organizing files, navigating the file system, and/or launching executable instructions. A user may navigate among files by traversing links between neighboring files, and/or may access specific files by specifying a location of the specific file in the multi-dimensional space.

Abstract: Disclosure for representing one or more numbers as a geometric counting mechanism that comprises an arrangement of geometric shapes and decoding the geometric counting mechanism into the represented number or numbers is provided. Decoding a geometric counting mechanism includes at least identifying a container geometry, determining a primary multiplier, a secondary multiplier, and an additive component value based on the geometric shapes identified in the geometric counting mechanism and their locations in the arrangement. The geometric counting mechanism can be decoded in a clockwise and/or counterclockwise manner, therefore one geometric counting mechanism can represent more than one number.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for presenting date and time information are described. In some embodiments, a date and/or a time value is presented as a base-36 number. In some embodiments, an integral portion of the base-36 number represents a date value, and a fractional portion of the base-36 number represents a time value. Each base-36 digit may be represented by one of the numerals 0-9 and the letters A-Z. Both digital and analog clocks and a clock application displaying date and/or time information in which a day is broken into thirty-six increments are disclosed. A clock application displaying coordinates of a location based on a base-36 geo-positioning system is disclosed.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for presenting date and time information are described. In some embodiments, a date and/or a time value is presented as a base-36 number. In some embodiments, an integral portion of the base-36 number represents a date value, and a fractional portion of the base-36 number represents a time value. Each base-36 digit may be represented by one of the numerals 0-9 and the letters A-Z. Both digital and analog clocks and a clock application displaying date and/or time information in which a day is broken into thirty-six increments are disclosed. A clock application displaying coordinates of a location based on a base-36 geo-positioning system is disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a multi-dimensional file system are provided. Instead of the limited parent-child relationships provided by traditional folder tree file systems, embodiments of the present disclosure may provide file system relationships in an arbitrary number of dimensions to provide greater flexibility in organizing files, navigating the file system, and/or launching executable instructions. A user may navigate among files by traversing links between neighboring files, and/or may access specific files by specifying a location of the specific file in the multi-dimensional space.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating clock signals using analog recursion are provided. In some embodiments, an analog recursion system includes an analog recursion device and one or more recursion loops. The recursion loops interact to form periodic phenomena within the analog recursion device, which may be sampled to generate clock state. By tuning settings of the analog recursion device, the clock state generated by the analog recursion system may be tailored for a variety of purposes.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for presenting date and time information are described. In some embodiments, a date and/or a time value is presented as a base-36 number. In some embodiments, an integral portion of the base-36 number represents a date value, and a fractional portion of the base-36 number represents a time value. Each base-36 digit may be represented by one of the numerals 0-9 and the letters A-Z. Both digital and analog clocks displaying date and/or time information in which a day is broken into thirty-six increments are disclosed.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for presenting date and time information are described. In some embodiments, a date and/or a time value is presented as a base-36 number. In some embodiments, an integral portion of the base-36 number represents a date value, and a fractional portion of the base-36 number represents a time value. Each base-36 digit may be represented by one of the numerals 0-9 and the letters A-Z. Both digital and analog clocks displaying date and/or time information in which a day is broken into thirty-six increments are disclosed.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments comprise a method for acceptance testing a fieldbus component configuration program. The method can comprise providing simulated input information to the fieldbus component configuration program. The method can further comprise comparing outputs from the fieldbus component configuration program to predetermined outputs. In certain exemplary embodiments, the method can comprise determining if the fieldbus component configuration program output is faulty.

Abstract: Certain exemplary embodiments comprise a method for acceptance testing a fieldbus component configuration program. The method can comprise providing simulated input information to the fieldbus component configuration program. The method can further comprise comparing outputs from the fieldbus component configuration program to predetermined outputs. In certain exemplary embodiments, the method can comprise determining if the fieldbus component configuration program output is faulty.

Abstract: A process for the preparing agrochemical intermediates of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein W is (CH.sub.3 O) CH.CHCO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.3 O.CH.dbd.CCO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ; Z.sup.1 is a halogen atom; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, acetoxy or acyl; the process comprising the steps of:(a) reacting a compound of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined above, with a compound of formula ROCH.sub.3, wherein R is a metal; and,(b) reacting the product of (a) with a compound of formula (III): ##STR3## wherein Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are halogen atom. A process for the preparation of compounds of formula (II) and compounds of formula (II) themselves. A process for obtaining, in substantially pure form, a compound of formula (II) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are all hydrogen.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, acetoxy or acyl, and processes for preparing the same.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4,6-dichloropyrimidine comprising treating 4,6-dihydroxy-pyrimidine with phosgene in the presence of a suitable base and optionally in the presence of a solvent.