Abstract: A device (10) for assessing a patient's absolute and/or relative risk of cognitive decline and/or dementia, the device (10) comprising: a probe (12) configured to be placed adjacent to a patient's common carotid artery, internal carotid artery or external carotid artery, at least two sensors (101, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110) associated with the probe (12), the sensors being configured to measure one or more of: wave intensity of carotid pulse; wave power of carotid pulse; and pressure waveform of carotid pulse, pulse wave velocity, artery compliance, artery stiffness, artery diameter; micro-emboli count; Heart rate variability; and changes to the eye or retina.