Abstract: A photovoltaic semiconductor solution comprising at least an equimolar mixture of cadmium, tellurium, gallium and indium; propylene glycol flux; carbon; resin in an organic solvent; strontium titanate; and high molecular weight polymer. The photovoltaic semiconductor solution provides charged free electrons on application of light to the photovoltaic semiconductor solution. Another embodiment relates to a solar cell comprising first and second electrode layers; a photovoltaic semiconductor layer disposed between the first and second electrodes; a first membrane disposed between the first electrode and the semiconductor layer and a second membrane disposed between the second electrode and the semiconductor layer. The first membrane is an electron acceptor layer and the second membrane in an insulator. The PV semiconductor layer includes the PV semiconductor solution. Each of the layers of the solar cell are formed on a substrate.

Abstract: The present invention concerns new methods of fabricating a silicon material comprising phosphorus. The methods allow high levels of phosphorus to be combined with the silicon. In one aspect of the invention a sample of phosphorus is surrounded with a sample of silicon. At least some of the phosphorus is then vaporised and caused to interact with the silicon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chromatography column that removes the longitudinal load from the column tube altogether and transfers it to a yoke and stanchion arrangement situated around but external to the column tube. By using the yoke/stanchion system, the central adjuster can be used to move the top end into and out of the housing. Thus, when internal pressure is applied to the column, the tube experiences no longitudinal load. Additionally, the yoke and stanchion design allows for complete removal of the end from the tube without cumbersome disassembly. Moreover, the yoke provides a place to retain the end while the tube is being filled, emptied, cleaned or repaired.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chromatography column that removes the longitudinal load from the column tube altogether and transfers it to a yoke and stanchion arrangement situated around but external to the column tube. By using the yoke/stanchion system, the central adjuster can be used to move the top end into and out of the housing. Thus, when internal pressure is applied to the column, the tube experiences no longitudinal load. Additionally, the yoke and stanchion design allows for complete removal of the end from the tube without cumbersome disassembly. Moreover, the yoke provides a place to retain the end while the tube is being filled, emptied, cleaned or repaired.

Abstract: A seal on a movable top or bottom plate for use in a chromatography column. The plate is formed of a flow distributor connected to one or more movement rods that control the movement of the top plate within a chromatography column. The plate is formed of two pieces, a flow distributor and a seal plate. The seal plate is mounted on top of the flow distributor and has a seal that is essentially co-terminal with the outer edge of the flow distributor. The seal plate is attached to the flow distributor by one or more pins or threaded bolts and forms a space between them. The one or more pins contain one or more compression means for biasing the seal plate against the flow distributor. An opening is formed in the seal plate for the selective introduction of a pressurized energy source such as compressed air, gas or hydraulic fluid into the space to overcome the compression means. One or more seals are arranged between the seal plate and distributor to maintain the pressurized energy source between the two of them.